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Local observation is an important problem both for the foundations of a quantum theory of gravity and for applications to quantum-cosmological problems such as eternal inflation. While gauge invariant local observables can't be defined, it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael Gary , Steven B. Giddings

We extend the construction of field operators in AdS as smeared single trace operators in the boundary CFT to gauge fields and gravity. Bulk field operators in a fixed gauge can be thought of as non-local gauge invariant observables.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Idse Heemskerk

This paper explores construction of gauge (diffeomorphism)-invariant observables in anti de Sitter (AdS) space and the related question of how to find a "holographic map" providing a quantum equivalence to a boundary theory. Observables are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-05 Steven B. Giddings , Alex Kinsella

It was recently found that there are classes of nonlocal gravity theories that are free of ghosts and singularities in their Newtonian limit [PRL, 108 (2012), 031101]. In these proceedings, a detailed and pedagogical derivation of a main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-23 Tirthabir Biswas , Tomi Koivisto , Anupam Mazumdar

The extended-BMS algebra of asymptotically flat spacetime contains an SO(3,1) subgroup that acts by conformal transformations on the celestial sphere. It is of interest to study the representations of this subgroup associated with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-16 Chang Liu , David A. Lowe

We describe a deformation of the observable algebra of quantum gravity in which the loop algebra is extended to framed loops. This allows an alternative nonperturbative quantization which is suitable for describing a phase of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Seth Major , Lee Smolin

We construct the holonomy-flux operator algebra in the recently developed spinor formulation of loop gravity. We show that, when restricting to SU(2)-gauge invariant operators, the familiar grasping and Wilson loop operators are written as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-08 Etera R. Livine , Johannes Tambornino

In this note we present a operator formulation of gauge theories in a quantum phase space which is specified by a operator algebra. For simplicity we work with the Heisenberg algebra. We introduce the notion of the derivative (transport)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Luis Alvarez-Gaume , Spenta R. Wadia

Matching of the quasi parton distribution functions between continuum and lattice is addressed using lattice perturbation theory specifically with Wilson-type fermions. The matching is done for nonlocal quark bilinear operators with a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 Tomomi Ishikawa

We provide a refined interpretation of a gravitational Wilson line in AdS$_3$ in terms of Ishibashi states in the dual CFT$_2$. Our strategy is to give a method to evaluate the Wilson line that accounts for all the information contained in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-24 Alejandra Castro , Nabil Iqbal , Eva Llabrés

The null-surface formulation of general relativity -- recently introduced -- provides novel tools for describing the gravitational field, as well as a fresh physical way of viewing it. The new formulation provides ``local'' observables…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 S. Frittelli , C. N. Kozameh , E. T. Newman , C. Rovelli , R. S. Tate

In recent work on Einstein gravity in four dimensions using the Ashtekar variables, non-local loop variables have played an important role in attempts to formulate a quantum theory. The introduction of such variables is guided by gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Viqar Husain

The description of low-energy (``soft") gravitons using universal theorems continues to attract attention. In this paper, we consider the emission of two soft gravitons, using a previously developed formalism that describes (next-to) soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Karan Fernandes , Feng-Li Lin , Chris D. White

Powerful techniques have been developed in quantum field theory that employ algebras of local operators, yet local operators cannot create physical charged states in gauge theory or physical nonzero-energy states in perturbative quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-27 Pietro Antonio Grassi , Massimo Porrati

We study supersymmetric Wilson loop operators in four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We show that the contour of a supersymmetric Wilson loop is either an orbit of some conformal transformation of the space-time (case I), or an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-12 Anatoly Dymarsky , Vasily Pestun

Motivated by problems in machine learning, we study a class of variational problems characterized by nonlocal operators. These operators are characterized by power-type weights, which are singular at a portion of the boundary. We identify a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Qiang Du , James M. Scott

The 6d $\mathcal{N}=(2,0)$ theory has natural surface operator observables, which are akin in many ways to Wilson loops in gauge theories. We propose a definition of a "locally BPS" surface operator and study its conformal anomalies, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-09-29 Nadav Drukker , Malte Probst , Maxime Trépanier

Motivated by both concepts of R.J. Adler's recent work on utilizing Clifford algebra as the linear line element $ds = \left\langle \gamma_\mu \right\rangle dX^\mu $, and the fermionization of the cylindrical worldsheet Polyakov action, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-27 Hsu-Wen Chiang , Yao-Chieh Hu , Pisin Chen

We discuss how to implement, in lattice gauge theories, external charges which are not commensurate with an elementary gauge coupling. It is shown that an arbitrary, real power of a standard Wilson loop (or Polyakov line) can be defined and…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-08-23 Piotr Korcyl , Mateusz Koren , Jacek Wosiek

We study the gauge theories on noncommutative space. We employ the idea of the covariant position to understand the linear and angular momenta, the center of mass position, and to express all gauge invariant observables including the Wilson…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Dongsu Bak , Kimyeong Lee , Jeong-Hyuck Park