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Graph embedding aims at learning a vector-based representation of vertices that incorporates the structure of the graph. This representation then enables inference of graph properties. Existing graph embedding techniques, however, do not…

List colouring is an influential and classic topic in graph theory. We initiate the study of a natural strengthening of this problem, where instead of one list-colouring, we seek many in parallel. Our explorations have uncovered a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-03 Stijn Cambie , Wouter Cames van Batenburg , Ewan Davies , Ross J. Kang

We investigate the property of a spatial graph of having a leveled embedding and characterize the abstract graphs with this property. We show that all leveled embeddings are free and we compare leveled and paneled (also known as flat)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Senja Barthel , Fabio Buccoliero

We prove a surface embedding theorem for 4-manifolds with good fundamental group in the presence of dual spheres, with no restriction on the normal bundles. The new obstruction is a Kervaire-Milnor invariant for surfaces and we give a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Daniel Kasprowski , Mark Powell , Arunima Ray , Peter Teichner

Simultaneous embedding is concerned with simultaneously representing a series of graphs sharing some or all vertices. This forms the basis for the visualization of dynamic graphs and thus is an important field of research. Recently there…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Thomas Bläsius , Stephen G. Kobourov , Ignaz Rutter

The bondage number b(G) of a graph G is the smallest number of edges of G whose removal from G results in a graph having the domination number larger than that of G. We show that, for a graph G having the maximum vertex degree $\Delta(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-25 Andrei Gagarin , Vadim Zverovich

We prove essentially tight lower bounds, conditionally to the Exponential Time Hypothesis, for two fundamental but seemingly very different cutting problems on surface-embedded graphs: the Shortest Cut Graph problem and the Multiway Cut…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Éric Colin de Verdière , Daniel Marx , Arnaud de Mesmay

A connected 3-valent plane graph, whose faces are $q$- or 6-gons only, is called a {\em graph $q_n$}. We classify all graphs $4_n$, which are isometric subgraphs of a $m$-hypercube $H_m$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michel Deza , Mathieu Dutour-Sikiric , Sergey Shpectorov

We present a simple combinatorial model for quasipositive surfaces and positive braids, based on embedded bipartite graphs. As a first application, we extend the well-known duality on standard diagrams of torus links to twisted torus links.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-11-17 Sebastian Baader

We study triangle decompositions of graphs. We consider constructions of classes of graphs where every edge lies on a triangle and the addition of the minimum number of multiple edges between already adjacent vertices results in a strongly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-23 C. M. Mynhardt , A. K. Wright

We study the following combinatorial problem. Given a planar graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set of simple cycles $\mathcal C$ in $G$, find a planar embedding $\mathcal E$ of $G$ such that the number of cycles in $\mathcal C$ that bound a face in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Giordano Da Lozzo , Ignaz Rutter

A book embedding of a graph consists of an embedding of its vertices along the spine of a book, and an embedding of its edges on the pages such that edges embedded on the same page do not intersect. The pagenumber is the minimum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Zeling Shao , Chunjin Ren , Zhiguo Li

Lying at the interface between Network Science and Machine Learning, node embedding algorithms take a graph as input and encode its structure onto output vectors that represent nodes in an abstract geometric space, enabling various…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-03 Riccardo Milocco , Fabian Jansen , Diego Garlaschelli

This paper is the second in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tobias H. Colding , William P. Minicozzi

In this note, we initiate a study of the finite-dimensional representation theory of a class of algebras that correspond to noncommutative deformations of compact surfaces of arbitrary genus. Low dimensional representations are investigated…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-20 Joakim Arnlind

We propose the notion of a majority $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$, which is an edge-coloring of $G$ with $k$ colors such that, for every vertex $u$ of $G$, at most half the edges of $G$ incident with $u$ have the same color. We show the…

For an edge-colored graph $G$, the minimum color degree of $G$ means the minimum number of colors on edges which are adjacent to each vertex of $G$. We prove that if $G$ is an edge-colored graph with minimum color degree at least $5$ then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Ruonan Li , Shinya Fujita , Guanghui Wang

We use planar 4-valent graphs and a graphical calculus involving such graphs to construct an invariant for balanced-oriented, knotted 4-valent graphs. Our invariant is an extension of the $sl(n)$ polynomial for classical knots and links. We…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Carmen Caprau , Victoria Wiest

An embedding of a graph on a translation surface is said to be \emph{systolic} if each vertex of the graph corresponds to a singular point (or marked point) and each edge corresponds to a shortest saddle connection on the translation…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Achintya Dey , Bidyut Sanki

Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface embedded in 4-space. In this paper, we investigate embedded…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Teruo Nagase , Akiko Shima