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Parity-time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians have widespread significance in non-Hermitian physics. A PT-symmetric Hamiltonian can exhibit distinct phases with either real or complex eigenspectrum, while the transition points in between, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Lei Xiao , Tianshu Deng , Kunkun Wang , Zhong Wang , Wei Yi , Peng Xue

Theories described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are known to possess strictly positive energy eigenvalues and exhibit unitary time evolution if the Hamiltonian is symmetric under discrete parity and time (PT) transformation. In this work,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-04 Jeffrey Kuntz

PT-symmetric Hamiltonians and transfer matrices arise naturally in statistical mechanics. These classical and quantum models often require the use of complex or negative weights and thus fall outside of the conventional equilibrium…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Peter N. Meisinger , Michael C. Ogilvie

We provide a reviewlike introduction into the quantum mechanical formalism related to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems with real eigenvalues. Starting with the time-independent framework we explain how to determine an appropriate domain of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Carla Figueira de Morisson Faria , Andreas Fring

Parity-time ($PT$) symmetric Hamiltonians are generally non-Hermitian and give rise to exotic behaviour in quantum systems at exceptional points, where eigenvectors coalesce. The recent realisation of $PT$-symmetric Hamiltonians in quantum…

The potential -x^4, which is unbounded below on the real line, can give rise to a well-posed bound state problem when x is taken on a contour in the lower-half complex plane. It is then PT-symmetric rather than Hermitian. Nonetheless it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 H. F. Jones , J. Mateo

We introduce a general framework for realizing $\mathcal{PT}$-like phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems without imposing explicit parity--time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry. The approach is based on constructing a Hamiltonian as the…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jacob L. Barnett , Ramy El-Ganainy

We show that a quantum system possessing an exact antilinear symmetry, in particular PT-symmetry, is equivalent to a quantum system having a Hermitian Hamiltonian. We construct the unitary operator relating an arbitrary non-Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ali Mostafazadeh

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of a large class of non-Hermitian, $PT$-symmetric oscillators, whose energy spectrum is entirely real. The spectrum is estimated by second-order WKB approximation, which turns out to be very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 H. F. Jones , E. S. Moreira

We investigate in this paper time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which consist respectively of SU(1,1) and SU(2) generators. The former Hamiltonian is PT symmetric but the latter one is not. A time-dependent non-unitary operator is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Nadjat Amaouche , Maroua Sekhri , Rahma Zerimeche , Maamache Mustapha , J. -Q. Liang

In this work, we introduce a new realization of exactly-solvable time-dependent Hamiltonians based on the solutions of the fourth Painlev\'e and the Ermakov equations. The latter is achieved by introducing a shape-invariant condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Kevin Zelaya , Ian Marquette , Véronique Hussin

Motivated by the recent advances in modelling the pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian (pHH) systems using superconducting qubits we analyze their quantum dynamics subject to a small time-dependent perturbation. In particular, We develop the linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 L. Tetling , M. V. Fistul , Ilya M. Eremin

The condition of self-adjointness ensures that the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian are real and bounded below. Replacing this condition by the weaker condition of ${\cal PT}$ symmetry, one obtains new infinite classes of complex Hamiltonians…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Carl M. Bender , Stefan Boettcher

We examine the properties and consequences of pseudo-supersymmetry for quantum systems admitting a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We explore the Witten index of pseudo-supersymmetry and show that every pair of diagonalizable (not necessarily…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ali Mostafazadeh

In conventional Schr\"{o}dinger representation the unitarity of the evolution of bound states is guaranteed by the Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian. A non-unitary isospectral simplification of the Hamiltonian, $\mathfrak{h} \to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Miloslav Znojil

Current studies about the continuous-variable systems in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics heavily revolved around the singularities in the eigenspectrum by mimicking their discrete-variable counterparts. Discussions over the nonunitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Zhu-yao Jin , Jun Jing

A quantum-mechanical theory is PT-symmetric if it is described by a Hamiltonian that commutes with PT, where the operator P performs space reflection and the operator T performs time reversal. A PT-symmetric Hamiltonian often has a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Carl M. Bender , V. Branchina , Emanuele Messina

Version 1: The well known Eckart's singular s-wave potential is PT-symmetrically regularized and continued to the whole real line. The new model remains exactly solvable and its bound states remain proportional to Jacobi polynomials. Its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Miloslav Znojil

A class of non-Dirac-hermitian many-particle quantum systems admitting entirely real spectra and unitary time-evolution is presented. These quantum models are isospectral with Dirac-hermitian systems and are exactly solvable. The general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-28 Pijush K. Ghosh

We explore the Jacobi Last Multiplier as a means for deriving the Lagrangian of a fourth-order differential equation. In particular we consider the classical problem of the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator and write down the accompanying…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-07 B. Bagchi , A. Ghose Choudhury , Partha Guha
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