Related papers: Lorentz invariant photon number density
The concept of Lorenz invariant mass and mean propagation velocity have been investigated in detail for various multiphoton wave-packet states of light. Based on photodetection theory and straightforward kinematics, we presented a…
It had been a long standing problem that there is no consistent definition of photon position operator nor photon number density in the context of quantum theory. In this paper we derive the photon detection operator, which defines location…
Elastic scattering of photons in a Lorentz-scalar potential via virtual spin-zero particle-antiparticle pairs (`` Delbr\"uck scattering") is considered. An analytic expression for the Delbr\"uck amplitude is found exactly in case of an…
Covariant phase observables are obtained by defining simple conditions for mappings from the set of phase wave functions (unit vectors of the Hardy space) to the set of phase probability densities. The existence of phase probability density…
We formulate the density matrices of a quantum state obtained by first adding multi-photons to and then subtracting multi-photons from any arbitrary state as well as performing the same process in the reverse order. Considering the field to…
The questions of whether a photon can be localized in an arbitrarily small volume and what is the allowable strength of that localization (the decrease with distance of the functional form) are questions of current interest. We propose a…
Most methods for experimentally reconstructing the quantum state of light involve determining a quasiprobability distribution such as the Wigner function. In this paper we present a scheme for measuring individual density matrix elements in…
We obtain local unitary invariant polynomials for N qubit quantum state from first principles. A basic unit of entanglement, referred to as negativity font, is defined as a two by two matrix of probability amplitudes that determines the…
In the light of Newton-Wigner-Wightman theorem of localizability question, we have proposed before a typical generation mechanism of effective mass for photons to be localized in the form of polaritons owing to photon-media interactions. In…
The conditions for observation of the particle coordinates, required by logic of the Special Relativity and filtering the quantum field effects, are described. A general relation between the corresponding density of probability and the wave…
The realization that electron localization in disordered systems (Anderson localization) is ultimately a wave phenomenon has led to the suggestion that photons could be similarly localized by disorder. This conjecture attracted wide…
The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…
Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for…
We clarify the meaning of spatial densities of hadrons. A physical density is given by the expectation value of a local operator for a physical state, and depends on both internal structure and the hadron's wave packet. In some particular…
In contrast to wave functions in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics interpreted as probability amplitudes, wave functions in relativistic quantum mechanics have generalized meanings such as charge-density amplitudes, energy-density…
Using a quantum field theoretic description of the photon it is shown that, as intuitively expected but not before theoretically proven, the vector potential of a photon has a likely amplitude associated with a discrete frequency and…
The time-energy uncertainty relation is discussed for a relativistic massless particle. The Lorentz-invariant uncertainty relation is obtained between the root-mean-square energy deviation and the scatter of registration time. The…
Position measurement-induced collapse states are shown to provide a unified quantum description of diffraction of particles passing through a single slit. These states, which we here call `quantum location states', are represented by the…
A model of Lorentz invariant random fluctuations in photon polarization is presented. The effects are frequency dependent and affect the polarization of photons as they propagate through space. We test for this effect by confronting the…
We derive the general formula for Lorentz-transformed spin density matrix. It is shown that an appropriate Lorentz transformation can prduce totally unpolarized state out of pure one. Further properties, as depurification by an arbitrary…