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Related papers: Towards planetesimals: dense chondrule clumps in t…

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We study a solid protoplanetary core of 1-10 earth masses migrating through a disk. We suppose the core luminosity is generated as a result of planetesimal accretion and calculate the structure of the gaseous envelope assuming equilibrium.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 J. Papaloizou , C. Terquem

Numerical simulations of pebble dynamics inside gas clumps formed by gravitational instability of protoplanetary discs are presented. We find that dust-mediated Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities transport pebbles inward rapidly via dense…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-16 Sergei Nayakshin

Radio images of protoplanetary disks demonstrate that dust grains tend to organize themselves into rings. These rings may be a consequence of dust trapping within gas pressure maxima wherein the local high dust-to-gas ratio is expected to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Eve J. Lee , J. R. Fuentes , Philip F. Hopkins

We have performed three-dimensional two-fluid (gas-dust) hydrodynamical models of circumstellar discs with embedded protoplanets (3 - 333 M\oplu) and small solid bodies (radii 10cm to 10m). We find that high mass planets (\gtrsim Saturn…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Ben A. Ayliffe , Guillaume Laibe , Daniel J. Price , Matthew R. Bate

We examine the predictions of the core accretion - gas capture model concerning the efficiency of planet formation around stars with various masses. First, we follow the evolution of gas and solids from the moment when all solids are in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf , Michal Rozyczka

We develop a simple model to predict the radial distribution of planetesimal formation. The model is based on the observed growth of dust to mm-sized particles, which drift radially, pile-up, and form planetesimals where the stopping time…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 Philip J. Armitage , Josh A. Eisner , Jacob B. Simon

We assess whether chondrules, once-molten mm-sized spheres filling the oldest meteorites, could have formed from super-km/s collisions between planetesimals in the solar nebula. High-velocity collisions release hot and dense clouds of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-30 Nick Choksi , Eugene Chiang , Harold C. Connolly , Zack Gainsforth , Andrew J. Westphal

Planetary embryos are built through the collisional growth of 10-100 km sized objects called planetesimals, a formerly large population of objects, of which asteroids, comets and Kuiper-Belt objects represent the leftovers from planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-09 Brooke Polak , Hubert Klahr

In the core accretion scenario, a massive core forms first and then accretes an envelope. When discussing how this core forms some divergences appear. First scenarios of planet formation predict the accretion of km-sized bodies, called…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Natacha Brügger , Remo Burn , Gavin Coleman , Yann Alibert , Willy Benz

Using self-consistent models of turbulent particle growth in an evolving protoplanetary nebula of solar composition we find that recently proposed local metallicity and Stokes number criteria necessary for the streaming instability to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Paul R. Estrada , Orkan M. Umurhan

We investigate the formation of planetesimals via the gravitational instability of solids that have settled to the midplane of a circumstellar disk. Vertical shear between the gas and a subdisk of solids induces turbulent mixing which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew N. Youdin , Frank H. Shu

The mechanism through which meter-sized boulders grow to km-sized planetesimals in protoplanetary discs is a subject of active research, since it is critical for planet formation. To avoid spiralling into the protostar due to aerodynamic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-30 P. G. Gibbons , G. R. Mamatsashvili , W. K. M. Rice

The standard model of planet formation considers an initial phase in which planetesimals form from a dust disk, followed by a phase of mutual planetesimal-planetesimal collisions, leading eventually to the formation of planetary embryos.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ji-Wei Xie , Matthew J. Payne , Philippe Thebault , Ji-Lin Zhou , Jian Ge

Meteoritical and astrophysical models of planet formation make contradictory predictions for dust concentration factors in chondrule forming regions of the solar nebula. Meteoritical and cosmochemical models strongly suggest that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Alexander Hubbard , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Denton S. Ebel

In the incremental growth model, planetesimal formation constitutes the least understood step in the process of planetary formation. The two main difficulties in this regard are the collision/fragmentation and the drift barriers. Numerous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 H. Meheut , F. A. Gerosa , J. Bec

We present a model in which planetesimal disks are built from the combination of planetesimal formation and accretion of radially drifting pebbles onto existing planetesimals. In this model, the rate of accretion of pebbles onto…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 John Moriarty , Debra Fischer

Prevailing $N$-body planet formation models typically start with lunar-mass embryos and show a general trend of rapid migration of massive planetary cores to the inner Solar System in the absence of a migration trap. This setup cannot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Man Hoi Lee , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura

Formation of the first planetesimals remains an unsolved problem. Growth by sticking must initiate the process, but multiple studies have revealed a series of barriers that can slow or stall growth, most of them due to nebula turbulence. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Paul R. Estrada , Jeffrey N. Cuzzi

It is widely held that the first step in forming the gas giant planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, is to form solid `cores' of roughly 10 M$_\oplus$. Getting the cores to form before the solar nebula dissipates ($\sim\!1-10\,$Myr) has been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-09 Harold F. Levison , Katherine A. Kretke , Martin J. Duncan

Context. The localized formation of planetesimals can be triggered with the help of streaming instability when the local pebble density is high. This can happen at various locations in the disk leading to the formation of local planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-05 Nicolas Kaufmann , Octavio M. Guilera , Yann Alibert , Irina L. San Sebastián