Related papers: Separating Signals from Non-Interfering Background…
The periodogram is a popular tool that tests whether a signal consists only of noise or if it also includes other components. The main issue of this method is to define a critical detection threshold that allows identification of a…
Searches for faint signals in counting experiments are often encountered in particle physics and astrophysics, as well as in other fields. Many problems can be reduced to the case of a model with independent and Poisson-distributed signal…
This paper introduces a statistical test inferring whether a variable allows separating two classes by means of a single critical value. Its test statistic is the prediction error of a nonparametric threshold classifier. While this approach…
In the experiments considered here, we measure the y-component of momentum for a particle passing through a system of slits. The source-slit system is the preparation apparatus that determines the state vector. Recognizing that a system of…
Probability interference is a fundamental characteristic of quantum mechanics. In this paper we attempt to show with the help of some examples, where this fundamental trait of quantum physics can be found back in a social science…
A common task in physics and astronomy is studying which of the competing hypotheses the data prefer. This is usually done by computing the Bayes factor between the two hypotheses, and either interpreting it in terms of the posterior odds…
The interaction of mesoscopic interference devices with nonclassical electromagnetic fields is studied. The external quantum fields induce a phase factor on the electric charges. This phase factor, which is a generalization of the standard…
Verification of a quantum advantage in the presence of noise is a key open problem in the study of near-term quantum devices. In this work, we show how to assess the quality of photonic interference in a linear optical quantum device (boson…
In almost every scientific field, an experiment involves collecting data and then analysing it. The analysis stage will often consist in trying to extract some physical parameter and estimating its uncertainty; this is known as Parameter…
High-dimensional covariates often admit linear factor structure. To effectively screen correlated covariates in high-dimension, we propose a conditional variable screening test based on non-parametric regression using neural networks due to…
Differential item functioning (DIF) is a widely used statistical notion for identifying items that may disadvantage specific groups of test-takers. These groups are often defined by non-manipulable characteristics, e.g., gender,…
From behavioral sciences to biology to quantum mechanics, one encounters situations where (i) a system outputs several random variables in response to several inputs, (ii) for each of these responses only some of the inputs may "directly"…
The description of a measuring process, such as that which occurs when a quantum point contact (QPC) detector is influenced by a nearby external electron which can take up two possible positions, provides a interesting application of the…
We present a general and exact formalism for finding the evolution of a quantum system subject to external telegraph noise. The various qubit decoherence rates are determined by the eigenvalues of a transfer matrix. The formalism can be…
We develop a framework for characterizing quantum temporal correlations in a general temporal scenario, in which an initial quantum state is measured, sent through a quantum channel, and finally measured again. This framework does not make…
Rare events can potentially occur in many applications. When manifested as opportunities to be exploited, risks to be ameliorated, or certain features to be extracted, such events become of paramount significance. Due to their sporadic…
Spectral estimation (SE) aims to identify how the energy of a signal (e.g., a time series) is distributed across different frequencies. This can become particularly challenging when only partial and noisy observations of the signal are…
This work investigates how to identify the source of impulsive noise events using a pair of wireless noise sensors. One sensor is placed at a known noise source, and another sensor is placed at the noise receiver. Machine learning models…
Estimating the probability distribution 'q' governing the behaviour of a certain variable by sampling its value a finite number of times most typically involves an error. Successive measurements allow the construction of a histogram, or…
Given a set of several inputs into a system (e.g., independent variables characterizing stimuli) and a set of several stochastically non-independent outputs (e.g., random variables describing different aspects of responses), how can one…