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This is a survey of the diversity of problems in additive number theory. Equity requires the consideration of less currently popular problems, and suggests their inclusion in the additive canon. Of particular interest are problems about the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Melvyn B. Nathanson

This paper presents a new combinatorial optimisation task, the Subset Sum Matching Problem (SSMP), which is an abstraction of common financial applications such as trades reconciliation. We present three algorithms, two suboptimal and one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yufei Wu , Manuel R. Torres , Parisa Zehtabi , Alberto Pozanco Lancho , Michael Cashmore , Daniel Borrajo , Manuela Veloso

We prove new quantitative bounds on the additive structure of sets obeying an $L^3$ 'control' assumption, which arises naturally in several questions within additive combinatorics. This has a number of applications - in particular we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Thomas F. Bloom

By a [$K$-]approximate subring of a ring we mean an additively symmetric subset $X$ such that $X \cdot X \cup (X + X)$ is covered by finitely many [resp.\ $K$] additive translates of $X$. We prove a structure theorem for finite approximate…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Krzysztof Krupiński , Simon Machado

We introduce two frameworks in order to deal with fractal and multi-fractal analysis for subset sum problems where some embedding into the $1$-dimensional Euclidean space plays an important role. As one of these frameworks, the notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-24 Shoichi Kamada

We show that sums over graphs such as appear in the theory of Feynman diagrams can be seen as integrals over discrete groupoids. From this point of view, basic combinatorial formulas of the theory of Feynman diagrams can be interpreted as…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-30 Domenico Fiorenza

This essay advocates the view that any problem that has a meaningful empirical content, can be formulated in constructive, more definitely, finite terms. We consider combinatorial models of dynamical systems and approaches to statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-21 Vladimir V. Kornyak

A structural graph summary is a small graph representation that preserves structural information necessary for a given task. The summary is used instead of the original graph to complete the task faster. We introduce multi-view structural…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jonatan Frank , Andor Diera , David Richerby , Ansgar Scherp

We expose (without proofs) a unified computational approach to integrable structures (including recursion, Hamiltonian, and symplectic operators) based on geometrical theory of partial differential equations. We adopt a coordinate based…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2012-07-17 Iosif Krasil'shchik , Alexander Verbovetsky , Raffaele Vitolo

The Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture is one of the central open problems in additive combinatorics. If true, it would give tight quantitative bounds relating combinatorial and algebraic notions of approximate subgroups. In this note, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-10 Shachar Lovett , Oded Regev

The paper surveys some new results and open problems connected with such fundamental combinatorial concepts as polytopes, simplicial complexes, cubical complexes, and subspace arrangements. Particular attention is paid to the case of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Victor M. Buchstaber , Taras E. Panov

We consider the SUBSET SUM problem and its important variants in this paper. In the SUBSET SUM problem, a (multi-)set $X$ of $n$ positive numbers and a target number $t$ are given, and the task is to find a subset of $X$ with the maximal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Xiaoyu Wu , Lin Chen

A given subset $A$ of natural numbers is said to be complete if every element of $\N$ is the sum of distinct terms taken from $A$. This topic is strongly connected to the knapsack problem which is known to be NP complete. The main goal of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Norbert Hegyvári , Máté Pálfy , Erfei Yue

This paper describes problems concerning the range of cardinalities of sumsets and restricted sumsets of finite subsets of the integers and finite subsets of ordered abelian groups.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Melvyn B. Nathanson

Harmonic sums and their generalizations are extremely useful in the evaluation of higher-order perturbative corrections in quantum field theory. Of particular interest have been the so-called nested sums,where the harmonic sums and their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Moch , P. Uwer

Solving polynomial equations is a subtask of polynomial optimization. This article introduces systems of such equations and the main approaches for solving them. We discuss critical point equations, algebraic varieties, and solution counts.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-04-24 Simon Telen

We present a subdivision method to solve systems of congruence equations. This method is inspired in a subdivision method, based on Bernstein forms, to solve systems of polynomial inequalities in several variables and arbitrary degrees. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-08 César Massri , Manuel Dubinsky

The combination of the group ring setting with the methods of character theory allows an elegant and powerful analysis of various combinatorial structures, via their character sums. These combinatorial structures include difference sets,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Jonathan Jedwab , Shuxing Li

We present a new structure theorem for finite fields of odd order that relates multiplicative and additive structure in an interesting way. This theorem has several applications, including an improved understanding of Dickson and Chebyshev…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Antonia W. Bluher

The main aim of this paper is to extend Bochner's technique to statistical structures. Other topics related to this technique are also introduced to the theory of statistical structures. It deals, in particular, with Hodge's theory,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-04-24 Barbara Opozda