Related papers: Superswapping
If a mathematical theory contains incompatible postulates then it is likely that the theory will produce theorems or results that are contradictory. It will be shown that this is the case with Dirac field theory. An example of such a…
Although expected utility theory has proven a fruitful and elegant theory in the finite realm, attempts to generalize it to infinite values have resulted in many paradoxes. In this paper, we argue that the use of John Conway's surreal…
Classically the causal order of two timelike separated events A and B is fixed -- either A before B or B before A. This is no longer true in quantum theory, where it is possible to encounter superpositions of causal orders. The quantum…
The purpose of this note is to prove the existence of a randomized mechanism, a social decision scheme (SDS), with desirable fairness, efficiency, and strategyproofness properties unmatched by all known SDSs. In particular, we disprove a…
A continuous approximation for the results of [1] is obtained. In this approximation the energy distribution is represented in the form of the product of the Gibbs factor and superstatistics factor. The mutual weights of the factors are…
The Subspace Theorem is a powerful tool in number theory. It has appeared in various forms and been adapted and improved over time. It's applications include diophantine approximation, results about integral points on algebraic curves and…
An analysis using classical stochastic processes is used to construct a consistent system of quantum counterfactual reasoning. When applied to a counterfactual version of Hardy's paradox, it shows that the probabilistic character of quantum…
In reverse mathematics, is is possible to have a curious situation where we know that an implication does not reverse, but appear to have no information on on how to weaken the assumption while preserving the conclusion. A main cause of…
In neuroscience, the time elapsed since the last discharge has been used to predict the probability of the next discharge. Such predictions can be improved taking into account the last two discharge times, and possibly more. Such multi-time…
Higher-order quantum theory deals with causal quantum processes, described by quantum combs, and test procedures, described by quantum testers, "measuring" these processes. In this work, we show that "jointly non-implementable" or…
The replacement (or collection or choice) axiom scheme asserts bounded quantifier exchange. We prove the independence of this scheme from various weak theories of arithmetic, sometimes under a complexity assumption.
We can consider Counterfactuals as belonging in the domain of Discourse structure and semantics, A core area in Natural Language Understanding and in this paper, we introduce an approach to resolving counterfactual detection as well as the…
Absolute combinatorial game theory was recently developed as a unifying tool for constructive/local game comparison (Larsson et al. 2018). The theory concerns {\em parental universes} of combinatorial games; standard closure properties are…
Sophisticated machine models are increasingly used for high-stakes decisions in everyday life. There is an urgent need to develop effective explanation techniques for such automated decisions. Rule-Based Explanations have been proposed for…
We establish the exact overlaps conjecture for iterated functions systems on the real line with algebraic contractions and arbitrary translations.
Integration at a point is a new kind of integration derived from integration over an interval in infinitesimal and infinity domains which are spaces larger than the reals. Consider a continuous monotonic divergent function that is…
A review of the superstatistics concept is provided, including various recent applications to complex systems.
We are surrounded by spatio-temporal patterns resulting from the interaction of the numerous basic units constituting natural or human-made systems. In presence of diffusive-like coupling, Turing theory has been largely applied to explain…
We recently reported evidence that large language models are capable of solving a wide range of text-based analogy problems in a zero-shot manner, indicating the presence of an emergent capacity for analogical reasoning. Two recent…
We prove some results on the border of Ramsey theory (finite partition calculus) and model theory. Also a beginning of classification theory of finite models in undertaken.