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By analytically continuing the time variable in a black hole background, and requiring unitary evolution, it is found that quantum mechanical states at the horizon develop a thermal factor under suitable identification of the physical time.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Tze-Dan Chung

This article aims to explain some of the basic facts about the questions raised in the title, without the technical details that are available in the literature. We provide a gentle introduction to some rather classical results about…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-07-26 Edward Witten

This paper investigates the finite-temperature behavior of Conformal Field Theory (CFT) in Rindler vacuum, focusing on the relation between acceleration and thermality in quantum field theory. We illustrate how uniformly accelerated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-02 Iftekher S. Chowdhury , Binay Prakash Akhouri , Shah Haque , Eric Howard

We formalize and prove the extension to finite temperature of a class of quantum phase transitions, acting as condensations in the space of states, recently introduced and discussed at zero temperature~(Ostilli and Presilla 2021 \textit{J.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Massimo Ostilli , Carlo Presilla

In this work, the notion of spacetime of maximal proper acceleration is motivated as a weak form to implement general covariance and a generalized form of Einstein's equivalence principle from a physical point of view and the fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-29 Ricardo Gallego Torromé

The vacuum of quantum fields contains correlated fluctuations. When restricted to one side of a surface these have a huge entropy of entanglement that scales with the surface area. If UV physics renders this entropy finite, then a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-13 Ted Jacobson

Much of the twentieth century physics has considered rigid laws-- even Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics were based on such laws. These laws operated in a smooth spacetime manifold. However more recent approaches as in Quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Burra G. Sidharth

One of the questions in the cosmology courses is the cooling mechanism of cosmic fluid during it expansion according to classical concepts of the thermodynamics. In this short pedagogical paper, we quote the questions and give a natural…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Sohrab Rahvar

The existence of Davies-Unruh temperature in a uniformly accelerated frame shows that quantum fluctuations of the inertial vacuum state appears as thermal fluctuations in the accelerated frame. Hence thermodynamic experiments cannot…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Sanved Kolekar , T. Padmanabhan

The problem of black body radiation, when measured by a moving observer, has a pivotal role in relativistic thermodynamics. Mutually, it depends on the thermodynamical definition of the thermal equilibrium and temperature of moving bodies,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-26 Kamran Derakhshani

This work investigates the dynamical evolution of the universe within the framework of symmetric teleparallel $f(Q,\mathcal{T})$ gravity, where $Q$ is the non-metricity scalar and $\mathcal{T}$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 S. H. Shekh , S. B. Thool , Pankaj Kumar , P. C. Kalan , R. M. Dhaigude

Temperature in a simple thermodynamical system is not limited from above. It is also widely believed that it does not make sense talking about temperatures higher than the Planck temperature in the absence of the full theory of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-05 De-Chang Dai , Dejan Stojkovic

The early universe is dominated by phenomena at high temperatures. The thermal effects decrease during evolution of the universe. However there are some phenomena, such as processes inside stars and black holes, where the role of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-27 A. F. Santos , S. C. Ulhoa , Faqir C. Khanna

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. These lecture notes provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Patrick P. Potts

A general-relativistic theory of cosmology, the dynamical variables of which are those of Hubble's, namely distances and redshifts, is presented. The theory describes the universe as having a three-phase evolution with a decelerating…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Behar , M. Carmeli

During the past 30 years, research in general relativity has brought to light strong hints of a very deep and fundamental relationship between gravitation, thermodynamics, and quantum theory. The most striking indication of such a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Robert M. Wald

The current accelerating phase of the evolution of the universe is considered by constructing most economical cosmic models that use just general relativity and some dominating quantum effects associated with the probabilistic description…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Pedro F. González-Díaz , Alberto Rozas-Fernández

Quantum field theory at finite temperature and density can be used for describing the physics of relativistic plasmas. Such systems are frequently encountered in astrophysical situations, such as the early Universe, Supernova explosions,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Markus H. Thoma

The authors discuss a possibility that the present great value of aT ( a is the radius of spatial curvature and T is the temperature of the Universe ) was generated by first order vacuum phase transitions. In Coleman-Weinberg type models…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-08 V. G. Lapchinsky , V. A. Rubakov , A. V. Veryaskin

The last decade has witnessed the remarkable progress in our understanding of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Combining the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis with quantum measurement theory, we extend the framework of quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-31 Yuto Ashida , Keiji Saito , Masahito Ueda