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Inspired by the work of Wheeler among others, we have studied the problem of quantum measurements of space-time distances by applying the general principles of quantum mechanics as well as those of general relativity. Contrary to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-28 Y. Jack Ng

We recapitulate the scheme of emergent gravity to highlight how a background independent quantum gravity can be defined by quantizing spacetime itself.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-02-14 Hyun Seok Yang

Quantum mechanics started out as a theory to describe the smallest scales of energy in Nature. After a hundred years of development it is now routinely employed to describe, among others, quantum computers with thousands of qubits. This…

The coupling between internal degrees of freedom of quantum systems and their overall motion in an external gravitational field plays a central role in multiple extensions of Einstein's equivalence principle to quantum physics. While…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-04 Thomas B. Mieling

In this paper we will analyze the the status of gauge freedom in quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT). Along with this analysis comparison with ordinary QFT will be given. We will show how the gauge freedom problem is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jaroslaw Wawrzycki

A number of recent proposals for a quantum theory of gravity are based on the idea that spacetime geometry and gravity are derivative concepts and only apply at an approximate level. There are two fundamental challenges to any such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-23 Alioscia Hamma , Fotini Markopoulou

Quantum measurement is a fundamental concept in the field of quantum mechanics. The action of quantum measurement, leading the superposition state of the measured quantum system into a definite output state, not only reconciles…

General Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Wei Wen

The aim of this paper is to explain carefully the arguments behind the assertion that the correct quantum theory of gravity must be background independent. We begin by recounting how the debate over whether quantum gravity must be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

Over the past six years, a detailed framework has been constructed to unravel the quantum nature of the Riemannian geometry of physical space. A review of these developments is presented at a level which should be accessible to graduate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhay Ashtekar

Usual quantum mechanics requires a fixed, background, spacetime geometry and its associated causal structure. A generalization of the usual theory may therefore be needed at the Planck scale for quantum theories of gravity in which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-05 James B. Hartle

Quantum mechanics is among the most important and successful mathematical model for describing our physical reality. The traditional formulation of quantum mechanics is linear and algebraic. In contrast classical mechanics is a geometrical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-03 Hoshang Heydari

In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Y. Omar

General relativity describes the gravitational field geometrically and in a self-interacting way because it couples to all forms of energy, including its own. Both features make finding a quantum theory difficult, yet it is important in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-02 Martin Bojowald

By applying the projector to the filled lattice eigenstates on a specific position, or applying the local electron annihilation operator on the many-body ground state, one can construct a quantum state localized around a specific position…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Lucas A. Oliveira , Wei Chen

We analyze the problem of one dimensional quantum particle falling in a constant gravitational field, also known as the {\it bouncing ball}, employing a semiclassical approach known as momentous effective quantum mechanics. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Guillermo Chacon-Acosta , Hector Hernandez-Hernandez , Mercedes Velazquez

The rules of quantum mechanics require a time coordinate for their formulation. However, a notion of time is in general possible only when a classical spacetime geometry exists. Such a geometry is itself produced by classical matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. P. Singh

Recently, a bundle theoretic description of massive single-particle state spaces, which is better suited for Relativistic Quantum Information Theory than the ordinary Hilbert space description, has been suggested. However, the mathematical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Heon Lee

To enhance the consistency between the quantum descriptions of waves and particles, we quantise mechanical point particles in this paper in the same physically-motivated way as we previously quantised light in quantum electrodynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Arwa Bukhari , Daniel Hodgson , Sara Kanzi , Robert Purdy , Almut Beige

We introduce the concept of quantum weight as a ground state property of quantum many-body systems that is encoded in the static structure factor and characterizes density fluctuation at long wavelengths. The quantum weight carries a wealth…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-01 Yugo Onishi , Liang Fu

We study dependence and independence concepts found in quantum physics, especially those related to hidden variables and non-locality, through the lens of team semantics and probabilistic team semantics, adapting a relational framework…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Samson Abramsky , Joni Puljujärvi , Jouko Väänänen