Related papers: On the Truncated Pareto Distribution with applicat…
Science in the 21st century seems to be governed by novel approaches involving interdisciplinary work, systemic perspectives and complexity theory concepts. These new paradigms force us to leave aside our elder mechanistic approaches and…
Generalized parton distributions can be used to obtain information about the dependence of parton distributions on the impact parameter. Potential consequences for T-odd single-spin asymmetries are discussed.
We consider random graphs sampled uniformly from a structured class of graphs, such as the class of graphs embeddable in a given surface. We sharpen and extend earlier results on pendant appearances, concerning for example numbers of…
A probabilistic technique for the joint estimation of background and sources with the aim of detecting faint and extended celestial objects is described. Bayesian probability theory is applied to gain insight into the coexistence of…
Recent approaches to the problem of inferring a continuous probability distribution from a finite set of data have used a scalar field theory for the form of the prior probability distribution. This letter presents a more general form for…
In this paper we describe a theory of a cumulative distribution function on a space with an order from a probability measure defined in this space. This distribution function plays a similar role to that played in the classical case.…
This is an epistemological approach to errors in both inference and risk management, leading to necessary structural properties for the probability distribution. Many mechanisms have been used to show the emergence of fat tails. Here we…
We present a review of data types and statistical methods often encountered in astronomy. The aim is to provide an introduction to statistical applications in astronomy for statisticians and computer scientists. We highlight the complex,…
An introduction to various topics in neutrino astrophysics is given for students with little prior exposure to this field. We explain neutrino production and propagation in stars, neutrino oscillations, and experimental searches for this…
In the last two decades, Bayesian inference has become commonplace in astronomy. At the same time, the choice of algorithms, terminology, notation, and interpretation of Bayesian inference varies from one sub-field of astronomy to the next,…
A discussion is presented of the manner in which uncertainties in parton distributions and related quantities are determined. One of the central problems is the criteria used to judge what variation of the parameters describing a set of…
A method is given for calculation of a distribution of small particles, embedded in a medium, so that the resulting medium would have a desired radiation pattern for the plane wave scattering by this medium.
We suggest approximating the distribution of the sum of independent and identically distributed random variables with a Pareto-like tail by combining extreme value approximations for the largest summands with a normal approximation for the…
The problem of searching for a model-based scene interpretation is analyzed within a probabilistic framework. Object models are formulated as generative models for range data of the scene. A new statistical criterion, the truncated object…
I review recent developments in the extraction of nuclear parton distribution functions. First describing the global analysis framework, I then present a comparison of the latest analyses in terms of included data and theoretical details,…
It is shown that distributions arising in Renyi-Tsallis maximum entropy setting are related to the Generalized Pareto Distributions (GPD) that are widely used for modeling the tails of distributions. The relevance of such modelization, as…
A new multiplicity distribution with multifractal properties which can be used in high-energy physics and quantum optics is proposed. It may be considered as a generalization of the negative-binomial distribution. We find the structure of…
The availability of neutron spallation-source instruments that provide total scattering powder diffraction has led to an increased application of real-space structure analysis using the pair distribution function. Currently, the analytical…
These lectures introduce the basic ideas and practices of statistical analysis for particle physicists, using a real-world example to illustrate how the abstractions on which statistics is based are translated into practical application.
In the present paper, we discuss contra-arguments concerning the use of Pareto-Lev\'y distributions for modeling in Finance. It appears that such probability laws do not provide sufficient number of outliers observed in real data.…