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Universal quantum computing relies on high-fidelity entangling operations. Here we demonstrate that four coupled qubits can operate as a quantum gate, where two qubits control the operation on two target qubits (a four-qubit gate). This…

Superconducting quantum devices are a leading technology for quantum computation, but they suffer from several challenges. Gate errors, coherence errors and a lack of connectivity all contribute to low fidelity results. In particular,…

Universal gate sets for quantum computation, when single and two qubit operations are accessible, include both Hermitian and non-Hermitian gates. Here we utilize the fact that any single-qubit operator may be implemented as two Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Ben Zindorf , Sougato Bose

Any residual coupling of a quantum computer to the environment results in computational errors. Encoding quantum information in a so-called decoherence-free subspace provides means to avoid these errors. Despite tremendous progress in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-02 T. Monz , K. Kim , A. S. Villar , P. Schindler , M. Chwalla , M. Riebe , C. F. Roos , H. Häffner , W. Hänsel , M. Hennrich , R. Blatt

Near-term quantum computers are limited by the decoherence of qubits to only being able to run low-depth quantum circuits with acceptable fidelity. This severely restricts what quantum algorithms can be compiled and implemented on such…

In this paper, we settle the long-standing open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a Toffoli gate. More precisely, we show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it is known that five gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Nengkun Yu , Runyao Duan , Mingsheng Ying

Trapped-ion quantum computing can utilize all motional modes of the ion-crystal, to entangle multiple qubits simultaneously, enabling universal computation with multi-qubit gates supplemented by single-qubit rotations. Using multiple tones…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Yakov Solomons , Yotam Kadish , Lee Peleg , Jonathan Nemirovsky , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

Two-qubit gates are a fundamental constituent of a quantum computer and typically its most challenging operation. In a trapped-ion quantum computer, this is typically implemented with laser beams which are modulated in amplitude, frequency,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ming Li , Nhung H. Nguyen , Alaina M. Green , Jason Amini , Norbert M. Linke , Yunseong Nam

Quantum computing has garnered significant interest for its potential to solve certain computational problems much faster than the best-known classical algorithms. A fully functional and scalable quantum computer could transform various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 M. AbuGhanem

We present some deterministic schemes to construct universal quantum gates, that is, controlled- NOT, three-qubit Toffoli, and Fredkin gates, between flying photon qubits and stationary electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Hai-Rui Wei , Fu-Guo Deng

Conditional multi-qubit gates are a key component for elaborate quantum algorithms. In a recent work, Rasmussen et al. (Phys. Rev. A 101, 022308) proposed an efficient single-step method for a prototypical multi-qubit gate, a Toffoli gate,…

Large-scale quantum computers will require quantum gate operations between widely separated qubits. A method for implementing such operations, known as quantum gate teleportation (QGT), requires only local operations, classical…

Unitary operations are expressed in the quantum circuit model as a finite sequence of elementary gates, such as controlled-not gates and single qubit gates. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate by Margolus, which coincides with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang Song , Andreas Klappenecker

We have previously discussed the design of a neutral atom quantum computer with an on-demand interaction [E. Hosseini Lapasar, et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 114003 (2011)]. In this contribution, we propose an experimental method to…

Quantum computing has the potential to solve many complex algorithms in the domains of optimization, arithmetics, structural search, financial risk analysis, machine learning, image processing, and others. Quantum circuits built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Vladimir V. Arsoski

The development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices has extended the scope of executable quantum circuits with high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. Equipping NISQ devices with three-qubit gates will enable the…

The Toffoli gate serving as a basic building block for reversible quantum computation, has manifested its great potentials in improving the error-tolerant rate in quantum communication. While current route to the creation of Toffoli gate…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Dongmin Yu , Yichun Gao , Weiping Zhang , Jinming Liu , Jing Qian

Near-term quantum computers are primarily limited by errors in quantum operations (or gates) between two quantum bits (or qubits). A physical machine typically provides a set of basis gates that include primitive 2-qubit (2Q) and 1-qubit…

We present an economical dynamical control scheme to perform quantum computation on a one dimensional optical lattice, where each atom encodes one qubit. The model is based on atom tunneling transitions between neighboring sites of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jiannis Pachos , Peter L. Knight

Universal set of quantum gates are realized from the conduction-band electron spin qubits of quantum dots embedded in a microcavity via two-channel Raman interaction. All of the gate operations are independent of the cavity mode states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-20 Ping Dong , Ming Yang , Zhuo-Liang Cao