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Abductive reasoning - the search for plausible explanations - has long been central to human inquiry, from forensics to medicine and scientific discovery. Yet formal approaches in AI have largely reduced abduction to eliminative search:…
Counterfactual reasoning plays a crucial role in exploring hypothetical scenarios, by comparing some consequent under conditions identical except as results from a differing antecedent. David Lewis' well-known analysis evaluates…
We prove generalized versions of some conjectures of Joel Lewis on the number of alternating permutations avoiding certain patterns. Our main tool is the perhaps surprising observation that a classic bijection on pattern avoiding…
The Delayed-Choice Quantum Eraser experiment is commonly interpreted as implying that in quantum mechanics a choice made at one time can influence an earlier event. We here suggest an extension of the experiment that results in a paradox…
We study the possible impact of nuclear effects and final state interactions on the determination of the oscillation parameters due to mis-reconstruction of non-quasi-elastic events as quasi-elastic events at low energies. We analyze a…
This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to some fatal errors in the analysis.
A new experimental evaluation of the quenching factor for nuclear recoils in NaI[Tl] is described. Systematics affecting previous measurements are addressed by careful characterization of the emission spectrum of the neutron source, use of…
The experimental setup of the self-referential quantum measurement, jovially known as the "quantum suicide" or the "quantum Russian roulette" is analyzed from the point of view of the Principal Principle of David Lewis. It is shown that the…
The purpose of this paper is to address some criticisms recently raised by John Horty in two articles against the validity of two commonly accepted defeasible reasoning patterns, viz. reinstatement and floating conclusions. I shall argue…
Recommender systems play an important role in modern information and e-commerce applications. While increasing research is dedicated to improving the relevance and diversity of the recommendations, the potential risks of state-of-the-art…
A quantum transition can be seen as a result of interference between various pathways(e.g. Feynman paths) which can be labelled by a variable $f$. An attempt to determine the value of f without destroying the coherence between the pathways…
Can we really falsify truth by dictat? A critical note on J. R. Lucas' 1996 remarks concerning non-standard models of first-order Peano Arithmetic.
In a paper from 2006, Couder and Fort [1] describe a version of the famous double slit experiment performed with drops bouncing on a vibrated fluid surface, where interference in the particle statistics is found even though it is possible…
We briefly remind references and arguments, already discussed in the past, which confute erroneous claims in arXiv:1210.5501.
Inspired by several works on jet schemes and motivic integration, we consider an extension to singular varieties of the classical definition of discrepancy for morphisms of smooth varieties. The resulting invariant, which we call Jacobian…
Cheating in examinations is acknowledged by an increasing number of organizations to be widespread. We examine two different approaches to assess their effectiveness at detecting anomalous results, suggestive of collusion, using data taken…
A recent publication by the NSA assessing the usability of quantum cryptography has generated significant attention, concluding that this technology is not recommended for use. Here, we reply to this criticism and argue that some of the…
Although it may seem The Delayed Choice experiments contradict causality and one could construct an experiment which could possibly affect the past, using Many World interpretation we prove it is not possible. We also find a mathematical…
Although living organisms are affected by many interrelated and unidentified variables, this complexity does not automatically impose a fundamental limitation on statistical inference. Nor need one invoke such complexity as an explanation…
To conduct causal inference in observational settings, researchers must rely on certain identifying assumptions. In practice, these assumptions are unlikely to hold exactly. This paper considers the bias of selection-on-observables,…