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This note proves a law of large numbers for predicting several steps ahead, which, in the case of uniformly bounded random variables, generalizes the standard law of large numbers for martingales; the standard law of large numbers…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Vladimir Vovk

We prove a law of large numbers in terms of complete convergence of independent random variables taking values in increments of monotone functions, with convergence uniform both in the initial and the final time. The result holds also for…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-30 Tetsuya Hattori

The Strong Law of Large Numbers (SLLN) for random variables or random vectors with different mathematical expectations easily reduces by means of shifts to SLLN for random variables or random vectors whose mathematical expectations are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-07 V. Kadets , O. Zavarzina

We formulate conditions for convergence of Laws of Large Numbers and show its links with of the parts of mathematical analysis such as summation theory, convergence of orthogonal series. We present also applications of the Law of Large…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Paweł J. Szabłowski

We prove a general transfer theorem for multivariate random sequences with independent random indexes in the double array limit setting. We also prove its partial inverse providing necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-04 V. Yu. Korolev , A. I. Zeifman

In many empirical studies of a large two-sided matching market (such as in a college admissions problem), the researcher performs statistical inference under the assumption that they observe a random sample from a large matching market. In…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-04-02 Jacob Schwartz , Kyungchul Song

In this paper, we first study convergence rates in the law of large numbers for independent and identically distributed random variables. We obtain a strong $L^p$-convergence version and a strongly almost sure convergence version of the law…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-18 Ze-Chun Hu , Wei Sun

When modelling metapopulation dynamics, the influence of a single patch on the metapopulation depends on the number of individuals in the patch. Since the population size has no natural upper limit, this leads to systems in which there are…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-01 A. D. Barbour , M. J. Luczak

In this paper, we establish a new law of large numbers with the rate of convergence for special partial sums in a probability space. The proof relies on nonlinear expectation theory, as the uncertainty of random variables in the special…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jialiang Fu , Wen-Xuan Lang

A new version of a strong law of large numbers for a ``good'' pairwise independent sequence of random variables (r.v.'s) with a small part of ``bad'' dependent r.v.'s is proposed. The main goal is to relax the assumption on the existence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-10 I. V. Kozlov , A. Yu. Veretennikov

The Central Limit Theorem provides a foundation for inferential statistics and hypothesis testing. It describes how standardized statistics behave under repeated sampling from large populations. However, if the size of the sample (n)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Mike Crowhurst

Taylor's law (TL) states that the variance $V$ of a non-negative random variable is a power function of its mean $M$, i.e. $V=a M^b$. The ubiquitous empirical verification of TL, typically displaying sample exponents $b \simeq 2$, suggests…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Andrea Giometto , Marco Formentin , Andrea Rinaldo , Joel E. Cohen , Amos Maritan

It turns out that some empirical facts in Big Data are the effects of properties of large numbers. Zipf's law 'noise' is an example of such an artefact. We expose several properties of the power law distributions and of similar distribution…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-05-09 Horia-Nicolai L. Teodorescu

In this paper, we consider the sublinear expectation on bounded random variables. With the notion of uncorrelatedness for random variables under the sublinear expectation, a weak law of large numbers is obtained. With the notion of…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Wenhao Li , Chuanfeng Sun

In this paper, we study random walks evolving on Z in a dynamic random environment that we assume to have time correlations that decrease polynomially fast. We show a law of large numbers by generalizing methods already used for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Julien Allasia

The law of large numbers for the empirical density for the pairs of uniformly distributed integers with a given greatest common divisor is a classic result in number theory. In this paper, we study the large deviations of the empirical…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Behzad Mehrdad , Lingjiong Zhu

The phenomenon of superconvergence is proved for all freely infinitely divisible distributions. Precisely, suppose that the partial sums of a sequence of free identically distributed, infinitesimal random variables converge in distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Hari Bercovici , Jiun-Chau Wang , Ping Zhong

One of the main differences between the central limit theorem and the Poisson law of small numbers is that the former possesses the large sample property (LSP), i.e., the error of normal approximation to the sum of $n$ independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Tianshu Cong , Aihua Xia , Fuxi Zhang

Our aim is to give for some classes non-additive measures some limit theorems. For balanced games we obtain a weak and strong law of large numbers for bounded random variables, a sharper conclusion is obtain with exact games. We provide an…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-02 Yann Rebille

In this paper we obtain some possibilistic variants of the probabilistic laws of large numbers, different from those obtained by other authors, but very natural extensions of the corresponding ones in probability theory. Our results are…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Sorin G. Gal
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