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The surface corresponding to the moduli space of quadratic endomorphisms of $\mathbb{P}^1$ with a marked periodic point of order $n$ is studied. It is shown that the surface is rational over $\mathbb{Q}$ when $n\le 5$ and is of general type…

A rationality condition is derived for the existence of odd perfect numbers involving the square root of a product, which consists of a sequence of repunits, multiplied by twice the base of one of the repunits. This constraint also provides…

We focus on the second part of Hilbert's 16th problem and provide an upper bound on the number of limit cycles that a polynomial, differential, planar system may have, depending exclusively on the degree $n$ of the system. Such a bound…

It is shown that $c=-29/16$ is the unique rational number of smallest denominator, and the unique rational number of smallest numerator, for which the map $f_c(x) = x^2+c$ has a rational periodic point of period $3$. Several arithmetic…

We study the existence of periodic solutions of the non--autonomous periodic Lyness' recurrence u_{n+2}=(a_n+u_{n+1})/u_n, where {a_n} is a cycle with positive values a,b and with positive initial conditions. It is known that for a=b=1 all…

Let $\mathbb{F}_p$ be a prime field of order $p,$ and $A$ be a set in $\mathbb{F}_p$ with $|A| \leq p^{1/2}.$ In this note, we show that \[\max\{|A+A|, |f(A, A)|\}\gtrsim |A|^{\frac{6}{5}+\frac{4}{305}},\] where $f(x, y)$ is a…

Let $(G,+)$ be an abelian group and consider a subset $A \subseteq G$ with $|A|=k$. Given an ordering $(a_1, \ldots, a_k)$ of the elements of $A$, define its {\em partial sums} by $s_0 = 0$ and $s_j = \sum_{i=1}^j a_i$ for $1 \leq j \leq…

Let D be the circulant digraph with n vertices and connection set {2,3,c}. (Assume D is loopless and has outdegree 3.) Work of S.C.Locke and D.Witte implies that if n is a multiple of 6, c is either (n/2) + 2 or (n/2) + 3, and c is even,…

A seminal result of E. Ehrhart states that the number of integer lattice points in the dilation of a rational polytope by a positive integer $k$ is a quasi-polynomial function of $k$ --- that is, a "polynomial" in which the coefficients are…

In this paper we complete B\"{u}chi's proof that there is no decision algorithm for the solubility in integers of arbitrary systems of diagonal quadratic form equations, by proving the assertion that whenever $x_1^2, \cdots, x_5^2$ are five…

There are four division algebras over $\mathbb{R}$, namely real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions, and octonions. Lack of commutativity and associativity make it difficult to investigate algebraic and geometric properties of octonions.…

Let $C$ be a smooth genus one curve described by a quartic polynomial equation over the rational field $\mathbb Q$ with $P\in C(\mathbb Q)$. We give an explicit criterion for the divisibility-by-$2$ of a rational point on the elliptic curve…

In this short note we confirm the relation between the generalized $abc$-conjecture and the $p$-rationality of number fields. Namely, we prove that given K$/\mathbb{Q}$ a real quadratic extension or an imaginary $S_3$-extension, if the…

We explore families of pairs of quadratic polynomials $f(x)=x^2+c\in \mathbb{Q}$ and $a\in \mathbb{Q}$ with $a$ being a strictly preperiodic point of $f$ to provide infinitely many new examples for which the associated arboreal Galois…

Let $n>m>k$ be positive integers and let $a,b,c$ be nonzero rational numbers. We consider the reducibility of some special quadrinomials $x^n+ax^m+bx^k+c$ with $n=4$ and 5, which related to the study of rational points on certain elliptic…

A. Weil identified a 2-dimensional space of rational classes of Hodge type (n,n) in the middle cohomology of every 2n-dimensional abelian variety with a suitable complex multiplication by an imaginary quadratic number field. These abelian…

Let A be an abelian surface over a fixed number field. If A is principally polarised, then it is known that the order of the Tate-Shafarevich group of A must, if finite, be a square or twice a square. The situation for A not principally…

Let $f(x)$ be a square free quartic polynomial defined over a quadratic field $K$ such that its leading coefficient is a square. If the continued fraction expansion of $\displaystyle \sqrt{f(x)}$ is periodic, then its period $n$ lies in the…

It is shown that rational dilation fails on broad collection of distinguished varieties associated to constrained subalgebras of the disk algebra of the form C + B A(D), where B is a finite Blaschke product with two or more zeros. This is…

We consider the finite set of isogeny classes of $g$-dimensional abelian varieties defined over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ with endomorphism algebra being a field. We prove that the class within this set whose varieties have maximal…