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People are well aware that, inherently, certain small-scale nonchaotic particle movements are not governed by thermodynamics. Usually, such phenomena are studied by kinetic theory and their energy properties are considered "trivial". In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 Yu Qiao , Zhaoru Shang

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

The holographic principle sets an upper bound on the total entropy content of the Universe. Within the limits of a Newtonian approximation, a quantum-mechanical model is presented to describe the cosmological fluid. Under the assumption…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 P. Fernandez de Cordoba , J. M. Isidro

This paper represents the full version of a paper published earlier in Physica A [246 (1997), 275]. The present paper includes argumentation, proofs and details omitted in the shortened version. The papers are a further development of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-02-25 V. A. Golovko

We argue that a process where a fuzzy space splits in two others can be used to explain the origin of the black hole entropy, and why a "generalized second law of thermodynamics" appears to hold in the presence of black holes. We reach the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-18 C. A. S. Silva , R. R. Landim

In several recent publications Carlip, as well as Balachandran, Chandar and Momen, have proposed a statistical mechanical interpretation for black hole entropy in terms of ``would be gauge'' degrees of freedom that become dynamical on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 J. Gegenberg , G. Kunstatter , T. Strobl

We present heuristic arguments suggesting that if EM waves with wavelengths somewhat larger than the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole were fully absorbed by it, the second law of thermodynamics would be violated, under the Bekenstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-05 S. Mendoza , X. Hernandez , P. L. Rendon , C. S. Lopez-Monsalvo , R. Velasco-Segura

We treat spherically symmetric black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity by imposing boundary conditions on fluctuating metric on the horizon. Obtained effective two-dimensional theory admits Virasoro algebra near the horizon. This enables, with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-19 M. Cvitan , S. Pallua , P. Prester

From black hole thermodynamics, the Bekenstein bound has been proposed as a universal thermal entropy bound. It has been further generalized to an entanglement entropy bound which is valid even in a quantum system. In a quantumly entangled…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-20 Chanyong Park

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories as well,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Carlip

The concept of black hole entropy is one of the most important enigmas of theoretical physics. It relates thermodynamics to gravity and allows substantial hints toward a quantum theory of gravitation. Although Bekenstein conjecture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Aurelien Barrau , Julien Grain , Carole Weydert

In statistical mechanics, measuring the number of available states and their probabilities, and thus the system's entropy, enables the prediction of the macroscopic properties of a physical system at equilibrium. This predictive capacity…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-14 Mathias Casiulis , Stefano Martiniani

We propose a rigorous derivation of the Bekenstein upper limit for the entropy/information that can be contained by a physical system in a given finite region of space with given finite energy. The starting point is the observation that the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Roberto Longo , Feng Xu

We calculate the net change in generalized entropy occurring when one carries out the gedanken experiment in which a box initially containing energy $E$, entropy $S$ and charge $Q$ is lowered adiabatically toward a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Takeshi Shimomura , Shinji Mukohyama

The entropy-to-energy bound is examined for a quantum scalar field confined to a cavity and satisfying Robin condition on the boundary of the cavity. It is found that near certain points in the space of the parameter defining the boundary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Sergey N. Solodukhin

In 1984, 't Hooft famously used a brickwall (aka stretched horizon) to compute black hole entropy up to a numerical pre-factor. This calculation is sometimes interpreted as due to the entanglement of the modes across the horizon, but more…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-22 Chethan Krishnan , Pradipta S. Pathak

Carlip has shown that the entropy of the three-dimensional black hole has its origin in the statistical mechanics of microscopic states living at the horizon. Beginning with a certain orthonormal frame action, and applying similar methods,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard J. Epp

We consider critical models in one dimension. We study the ground state in thermodynamic limit [infinite lattice]. Following Bennett, Bernstein, Popescu, and Schumacher, we use the entropy of a sub-system as a measure of entanglement. We…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-10 Vladimir Korepin

We discuss the properties of an ideal relativistic gas of events possessing Bose-Einstein statistics. We find that the mass spectrum of such a system is bounded by $\mu \leq m\leq 2M/\mu _K,$ where $\mu $ is the usual chemical potential,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Burakovsky , L. P. Horwitz , W. C. Schieve

Approach to the thermodynamic limit of a non-relativistic ideal gas in a periodic box is investigated. The single particle wave function obeys twisted boundary condition, $\psi(L)=e^{i\theta}\psi(0)$ for which the free particle spectrum is…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Prabal Adhikari , Sona Baghiyan , Rayn Samson
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