Related papers: How Long Is a Photon?
In this paper, we give the quantum wave equations of single photon when it is in the free or medium space. With these equations, we can study light interference and diffraction with quantum approach. Otherwise, they can be applied in…
Following the spirit of de Broglie and Einstein, we think the concepts of matter and radiation can be unified. We know a particle propagates like a wave; its motion is described by certain wave equations. At this point, it is not clear what…
It is shown that a Dirac(-type) equation for a rank-two bi-spinor field on Minkowski (configuration) spacetime furnishes a Lorentz-covariant quantum-mechanical wave equation in position-space representation for a single free photon. This…
One can interpret the Dirac equation either as giving the dynamics for a classical field or a quantum wave function. Here I examine whether Maxwell's equations, which are standardly interpreted as giving the dynamics for the classical…
The Heisenberg time-energy relation prevents determination of an atomic transition to better than the inverse of the measurement time. The relation generally applies to frequency estimation of a near-resonant field [1-3], since information…
We develop a photonic description of short, one-dimensional electromagnetic pulses, specifically in the language of electrical transmission lines. Current practice in quantum technology, using arbitrary waveform generators, can readily…
The presence of gravity implies corrections to the Einstein-Planck formula $E=h \nu$. This gives hope that the divergent blueshift in frequency, associated to the presence of a black hole horizon, could be smoothed out for the energy. Using…
The coherence properties of the classical waves are discussed in terms of the Cauchy problem for the wave equation, and of a discrete representation by an ensemble of Hamiltonian systems. Wave quanta are related to specific "action fields",…
If reality has finite information content, space has finite fidelity. The quantum wave function that encodes spatial relationships may be limited to information that can be transmitted in a "Planck broadcast", with a bandwidth given by the…
In the paper we calculate the frequency shift induced on a photon by the interaction with a low density electronic plasma. The technique is the standard perturbation theory of quantum electrodynamics, taking into account the many body…
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in application to energy and time is a powerful heuristics. This statement plays the important role in foundations of quantum theory and statistical physics. If some state exists for a finite interval of…
We second quantize the Fermi Lagrangian in the Lorenz gauge to obtain a covariant theory of photon quantum mechanics. Number density is real so it is interpreted as position probability density. The Hilbert space is the vector space of…
We study quantum compression and decompression of light pulses that carry quantum information using a photon-echo quantum memory technique with controllable inhomogeneous broadening of an isolated atomic absorption line. We investigate…
We develop quantum electrodynamics into a kinetic-theory-like evolution equation for electrons, positrons and photons. To keep the "collision rules" simple, we make use of longitudinal and temporal photons in addition to the usual…
The very old problem of extracting frequencies from time signals is addressed in the case of signals that are very short as compared to their intrinsic time scales. The solution of the problem is not only important to the classic signal…
Photons are the elementary quantum excitations of the electromagnetic field. Quantization is usually constructed on the basis of an expansion in eigenmodes, in the form of plane waves. Since they form a basis, other electromagnetic…
If photons had a small electric charge $Q_\gamma$ their path in the galactic magnetic field would be curved, leading to a time delay between photons of different frequency from a distant source. Cocconi's previous application of this…
We consider the physical limitations imposed on the information content of an image by the wave and quantum nature of light, when the image is obtained by illuminating a reflecting or transmitting planar object by natural---i.e., fully…
The conditions for observation of the particle coordinates, required by logic of the Special Relativity and filtering the quantum field effects, are described. A general relation between the corresponding density of probability and the wave…
Spontaneous emission of a photon by an atom is described theoretically in three dimensions with the initial wave function of a finite-mass atom taken in the form of a finite-size wave packet. Recoil and wave-packet spreading are taken into…