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Maps of low-inclination nearby galaxies in Sloan Digitized Sky Survey u-g, g-r and r-i colors are used to determine whether Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are predominantly associated with star-forming regions of their host galaxies. An…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 Douglas A. Swartz , Allyn F. Tennant , Roberto Soria

Context. ULXs ($L_\textrm{X}>10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$) are excellent probes of accretion physics, star formation and IMBHs searches. As the sample size of X-ray data from modern observatories increases, producing extensive catalogues of ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-30 M. C. i Bernadich , A. D. Schwope , K. Kovlakas , A. Zezas , I. Traulsen

The number of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) is observed to be correlated with the current star formation rate in late-type galaxies and with the stellar mass in early-type galaxies (ETGs). Since there is very little gas, dust or star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-10 T. R. Rajalakshmi , Somak Raychaudhury , Indulekha Kavila , Gulab C. Dewangan

Today's sensitive, high-resolution X-ray observations allow the study of populations of X-ray sources, in the luminosity range of Galactic X-ray binaries, in galaxies as distant as 20-30 Mpc. The traditional astronomical tools of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Fabbiano

With the discovery of pulsations in some of the ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), it is quite clear that most of the ULXs harbor either a neutron star or a stellar mass black hole as a compact object accreting at super-Eddington rates.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-12 Manish Kumar , Rahul Sharma , Biswajit Paul

The extreme extragalactic sources known as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULX) represent a unique testing environment for compact objects population studies and the accretion process. Their nature has long been disputed. Their luminosity,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-18 Matteo Bachetti

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are sources observed to exceed the Eddington limit of a stellar-mass black hole (BH). A fraction of ULX sources show X-ray pulses which are evidence for accreting neutron stars (NSs). Theoretical studies…

We present results from a Chandra study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in a sample of 17 nearby (D_L<60 Mpc) luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), selected to have star formation rates (SFRs) in excess of 7 M_sun yr^-1 and low…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 W. Luangtip , T. P. Roberts , S. Mineo , B. D. Lehmer , D. M. Alexander , F. E. Jackson , A. D. Goulding , J. L. Fischer

Ring galaxies are fascinating laboratories: a catastrophic impact between two galaxies (one not much smaller than the other) has produced fireworks especially in the larger one, when hit roughly perpendicularly to the plane. We analyze the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-15 Anna Wolter , Antonella Fruscione , Michela Mapelli

We present the results of our continued systematic search for near-infrared (NIR) candidate counterparts to ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) within 10 Mpc. We observed 42 ULXs in 24 nearby galaxies and detected NIR candidate counterparts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-19 K. M. López , M. Heida , P. G. Jonker , M. A. P. Torres , T. P. Roberts , D. J. Walton , D. -S. Moon , F. A. Harrison

I briefly review much of the X-ray and optical data on the nature of the ULXs in nearby galaxies. I present new results on radio emission, finding that the radio is usually rather luminous and extended. I review the X-ray data on timing and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Richard Mushotzky

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies whose X-ray luminosity exceeds the theoretical maximum for spherical infall (the Eddington limit) onto stellar-mass black holes. Their luminosity ranges from…

The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is not yet fully understood but it can be done in the most efficient way by analyzing its optical emission and environment. We present preliminary results of photometric and spectral studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 A. Vinokurov , K. Atapin , Y. Solovyeva , A. Sarkisyan , D. Oparin

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear compact objects with apparent luminosities above 10^39 erg/s, often exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass black holes. Beaming is a commonly invoked mechanism to explain their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-15 Ying-Han Mao , Xiang-Dong Li

A significant fraction of ultraluminous X-ray sources appear to be embedded in observable ionized nebulae that take the form of large, several 100 pc diameter interstellar bubbles. Here we review optical observations of these bubbles, their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Manfred W. Pakull , Fabien Grisé

Although ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULX) are important for astrophysics due to their extreme apparent super-Eddington luminosities, their nature is still poorly known. Theoretical and observational studies suggest that ULXs could be a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-29 Grzegorz Wiktorowicz , Jean-Pierre Lasota , Krzysztof Belczynski , Youjun Lu , Jifeng Liu , Krystian Iłkiewicz

Ultraluminous and hyperluminous X-ray sources (ULXs and HLXs) are among the brightest astrophysical objects in the X-ray sky. While ULXs most likely host stellar-mass compact objects accreting at super-Eddington rates, HLXs are compelling…

Despite much observational and theoretical effort little is presently known about the nature of the luminous non-nuclear X-ray sources which appear to largely surpass the Eddington limit of a few solar masses. Here we present first results…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manfred W. Pakull , Laurent Mirioni

Employing hybrid population synthesis, a model of the population of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) in the binary systems with a black hole (BH) accretors is computed. It is compared to the model of the population of ULX with magnetized…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 A. G. Kuranov , K. A. Postnov , L. R. Yungelson

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extragalactic X-ray emitters located off-center of their host galaxy and with a luminosity in excess of a few ${10^{39}\text{ erg s}^{-1}}$, if emitted isotropically. The discovery of periodic…