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Knowledge representation (KR) and inference mechanism are most desirable thing to make the system intelligent. System is known to an intelligent if its intelligence is equivalent to the intelligence of human being for a particular domain or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-13 Poonam Tanwar , T. V. Prasad , Dr. Kamlesh Datta

Algorithms have been fundamental to recent global technological advances and, in particular, they have been the cornerstone of technical advances in one field rapidly being applied to another. We argue that algorithms possess fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Petar Veličković , Charles Blundell

Despite many recent advancements in language modeling, state-of-the-art language models lack grounding in the real world and struggle with tasks involving complex reasoning. Meanwhile, advances in the symbolic reasoning capabilities of AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Andrew Lee , David Wu , Emily Dinan , Mike Lewis

Reasoning, a crucial ability for complex problem-solving, plays a pivotal role in various real-world settings such as negotiation, medical diagnosis, and criminal investigation. It serves as a fundamental methodology in the field of…

Deviating from conventional perspectives that frame artificial intelligence (AI) systems solely as logic emulators, we propose a novel program of heuristic reasoning. We distinguish between the 'instrumental' use of heuristics to match…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

The successes of Artificial Intelligence in recent years in areas such as image analysis, natural language understanding and strategy games have sparked interest from the world of finance. Specifically, there are high expectations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Remo Pareschi , Federico Zappone

The unification of statistical (data-driven) and symbolic (knowledge-driven) methods is widely recognised as one of the key challenges of modern AI. Recent years have seen large number of publications on such hybrid neuro-symbolic AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Michael van Bekkum , Maaike de Boer , Frank van Harmelen , André Meyer-Vitali , Annette ten Teije

Knowledge graph reasoning is the fundamental component to support machine learning applications such as information extraction, information retrieval, and recommendation. Since knowledge graphs can be viewed as the discrete symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Jing Zhang , Bo Chen , Lingxi Zhang , Xirui Ke , Haipeng Ding

Knowledge representation and reasoning in neural networks have been a long-standing endeavor which has attracted much attention recently. The principled integration of reasoning and learning in neural networks is a main objective of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Son Tran , Edjard Mota , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Amidst the race to create more intelligent machines there is a risk that we will rely on AI in ways that reduce our own agency as humans. To reduce this risk, we could aim to create tools that prioritize and enhance the human role in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sean Koon

This paper introduces a new metamodel-based knowledge representation that significantly improves autonomous learning and adaptation. While interest in hybrid machine learning / symbolic AI systems leveraging, for example, reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Hugo Latapie , Ozkan Kilic , Gaowen Liu , Yan Yan , Ramana Kompella , Pei Wang , Kristinn R. Thorisson , Adam Lawrence , Yuhong Sun , Jayanth Srinivasa

In recent years, neural systems have demonstrated highly effective learning ability and superior perception intelligence. However, they have been found to lack effective reasoning and cognitive ability. On the other hand, symbolic systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Dongran Yu , Bo Yang , Dayou Liu , Hui Wang , Shirui Pan

Everyday we increasingly rely on machine learning models to automate and support high-stake tasks and decisions. This growing presence means that humans are now constantly interacting with machine learning-based systems, training and using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Clara Punzi , Roberto Pellungrini , Mattia Setzu , Fosca Giannotti , Dino Pedreschi

Deep learning is very effective at jointly learning feature representations and classification models, especially when dealing with high dimensional input patterns. Probabilistic logic reasoning, on the other hand, is capable to take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Giuseppe Marra , Francesco Giannini , Michelangelo Diligenti , Marco Gori

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Recently, a boxology (graphical language) with design patterns for hybrid AI was proposed, combining symbolic and sub-symbolic learning and reasoning. In this paper, we extend this boxology with actors and their interactions. The main…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-10 André Meyer-Vitali , Wico Mulder , Maaike H. T. de Boer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

Humanoid robots will be able to assist humans in their daily life, in particular due to their versatile action capabilities. However, while these robots need a certain degree of autonomy to learn and explore, they also should respect…

Metcalfe et al (1) argue that the greatest potential for human-AI partnerships lies in their application to highly complex problem spaces. Herein, we discuss three different forms of hybrid team intelligence and posit that across all three…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Kaleb Mcdowell , Nick Waytowich , Javier Garcia , Stephen Gordon , Bryce Bartlett , Jeremy Gaston