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Related papers: A volume-weighted measure for eternal inflation

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Some of the parameters we call ``constants of Nature'' may in fact be variables related to the local values of some dynamical fields. During inflation, these variables are randomized by quantum fluctuations. In cases when the variable in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jaume Garriga , Alexander Vilenkin

Probabilities in eternal inflation are traditionally defined as limiting frequency distributions, but a unique and unambiguous probability measure remains elusive. In this paper, we present a different approach, based on Bayesian reasoning.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-19 Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

We present an improved Minimal Variance (MV) method for using a radial peculiar velocity sample to estimate the average of the three-dimensional velocity field over a spherical volume, which leads to an easily interpretable bulk flow…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 Sarah Peery , Richard Watkins , Hume A. Feldman

In the global description of eternal inflation, probabilities for vacua are notoriously ambiguous. The local point of view is preferred by holography and naturally picks out a simple probability measure. It is insensitive to large expansion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Raphael Bousso

We argue that in the context of eternal inflation in the landscape, making predictions for cosmological -- and possibly particle physics -- observables requires a measure on the possible cosmological histories as opposed to one on the vacua…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Anthony Aguirre , Steven Gratton , Matthew C Johnson

It has been suggested that the no boundary proposal would predict little or no slow roll inflation leading to an empty deSitter universe. However it is argued that the probability for the whole universe should be multiplied by a zero mode…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-10-11 S. W. Hawking

A wide variety of vacua, and their cosmological realization, may provide an explanation for the apparently anthropic choices of some parameters of particle physics and cosmology. If the probability on various parameters is weighted by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Lawrence J. Hall , Taizan Watari , T. T. Yanagida

We discuss eternal inflation in context of classical probability spaces defined by a triplet: sample space, $\sigma$-algebra and probability measure. We show that the measure problem is caused by the countable additivity axiom applied to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-29 Vitaly Vanchurin

We use the stochastic approach to investigate the measure for slow roll eternal inflation. The probability for the universe of a given Hubble radius can be calculated in this framework. In a solvable model, it is shown that the probability…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-18 Miao Li , Yi Wang

Eternal inflation is a seemingly generic consequence of theories that give rise to accelerated expansion of the universe and possess multiple vacuum states. Making predictions in an eternally inflating universe is notoriously difficult…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Matthew C. Johnson , Jean-Luc Lehners

Probabilities for observations in cosmology are conditioned both on the universe's quantum state and on local data specifying the observational situation. We show the quantum state defines a measure for prediction through such conditional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 James Hartle , Thomas Hertog

The Hamiltonian structure of general relativity provides a natural canonical measure on the space of all classical universes, i.e., the multiverse. We review this construction and show how one can visualize the measure in terms of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 G. W. Gibbons , Neil Turok

In the presence of a short-distance cutoff, the choice of a vacuum state in an inflating, non-de Sitter universe is unavoidably ambiguous. The ambiguity is related to the time at which initial conditions for the mode functions are specified…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-12 C. Armendariz-Picon , Eugene A. Lim

If in a finite universe, the tree-level vacuum is a symmetric superposition of coherent states, in each of which the inflaton field assumes a different, energy-minimizing mean value (vev), then the resulting energy is positive and decreases…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-24 Kevin Cahill

I study fresh inflation from a five-dimensional vacuum state, where the fifth dimension is constant. In this framework, the universe can be seen as inflating in a four-dimensional FRW metric embedding in a five-dimensional metric. Finally,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Mauricio Bellini

In this paper, we investigate a scenario of variable gravity and apply it to the unified description of inflation and late time cosmic acceleration dubbed quintessential inflation. The scalar field called "cosmon" which in this model…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-07-14 Md. Wali Hossain , R. Myrzakulov , M. Sami , Emmanuel N. Saridakis

Eternally inflating universes can contain thermalized regions with different values of the cosmological parameters. In particular, the spectra of density fluctuations should be different, because of the different realizations of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Alexander Vilenkin

We propose a model for cosmic inflation which is based on an effective description of strongly interacting, nonsupersymmetric matter within the framework of dynamical Abelian projection and centerization. The underlying gauge symmetry is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Ralf Hofmann , Mathias Th. Keil

We propose a new class of inflationary solutions to the standard cosmological problems (horizon, flatness, monopole,...), based on a modification of old inflation. These models do not require a potential which satisfies the normal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Gia Dvali , Shamit Kachru

Inflation creates large-scale cosmological density perturbations that are characterized by an isotropic, homogeneous, and Gaussian random distribution about a locally flat background. Even in a flat universe, the spatial curvature measured…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Matthew Kleban , Marjorie Schillo