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Related papers: The Evolution of the Multiplicity of Embedded Prot…

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We investigate the formation of binary stellar systems. We consider a model where a `seed' protobinary system forms, via fragmentation, within a collapsing molecular cloud core and evolves to its final mass by accreting material from an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Matthew R. Bate

Observations of young star-forming regions suggest that star clusters are born completely mass segregated. These initial conditions are, however, gradually lost as the star cluster evolves dynamically. For star clusters with single stars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-01 Václav Pavlík

A significant fraction of, and possibly all, stars form in binary or multiple systems. For Solar-mass stars in the Galactic field, the distribution of orbital separations is log-normal over seven orders of magnitude, from $10^{-2} - 10^5$…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 Mary H. Rawcliffe , Nathan Griffiths-Janvier , Richard J. Parker

Stars rarely form in isolation. Nearly half of the stars in the Milky Way have a companion, and this fraction increases in star-forming regions. However, why some dense cores and filaments form bound pairs while others form single stars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-08 Aaron T. Lee , Stella S. R. Offner , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Rachel A. Smullen , Pak Shing Li

Observations of young multiple star systems find a bimodal distribution in companion frequency and separation. The origin of these peaks has often been attributed to binary formation via core and disc fragmentation. However, theory and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-21 R. Kuruwita , T. Haugbølle

We have measured the multiplicity fractions and separation distributions of seven young star-forming regions using a uniform sample of young binaries. Both the multiplicity fractions and separation distributions are similar in the different…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Robert R. King , Simon P. Goodwin , Richard J. Parker , Jenny Patience

Statistics of low-mass pre-main sequence binaries in the Orion OB1 association with separations ranging from 0.6" to 20" (220 to 7400 au at 370 pc) are studied using images from the VISTA Orion mini-survey and astrometry from Gaia. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-11 Andrei Tokovinin , Monika Petr-Gotzens , Cesar Briceno

Understanding the formation pathway for close-companion protostars is central to unraveling the processes that govern stellar multiplicity and very early star formation. We analyze a large sample of 51 Class 0/I close-companion protostellar…

Binary systems are very common among field stars. While this relatively small number of planets in binaries is probably partly due to strong observational biases, there is, however, statistical evidence that planets are indeed less frequent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Francesco Marzari , Philippe Thebault

Massive stars that lose their hydrogen-rich envelope down to a few tenths of a solar mass explode as extended type IIb supernovae, an intriguing subtype that links the hydrogen-rich type II supernovae with the hydrogen-poor type Ib and Ic.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 J. S. W. Claeys , S. E. de Mink , O. R. Pols , J. J. Eldridge , M. Baes

We present model spectral energy distributions, colors, polarization, and images for an evolutionary sequence of a low-mass protostar from the early collapse stage (Class 0) to the remnant disk stage (Class III). We find a substantial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-08 Barbara A. Whitney , Kenneth Wood , J. E. Bjorkman , Martin Cohen

The typical product of the star formation process is a binary star. Binaries have provided the first dynamical measures of the masses of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, providing support for the calibrations of PMS evolutionary tracks.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert D. Mathieu , Andrea M. Ghez , Eric L. N. Jensen , Michal Simon

Binaries are excellent astrophysical laboratories that provide us with direct measurements of fundamental stellar parameters. Compared to single isolated star, multiplicity induces new processes, offering the opportunity to confront our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 H. Sana , C. J. Evans

Almost all massive stars have bound stellar companions, existing in binaries or higher-order multiples. While binarity is theorized to be an essential feature of how massive stars form, essentially all information about such properties is…

The secular stellar mass-loss causes an amplification of the orbital separation in fragile, common proper motion, binary systems with separations of the order of 1000 A.U. In these systems, companions evolve as two independent coeval stars…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-26 Kyle B. Johnston , Terry D. Oswalt , David Valls-Gabaud

The presence of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters leads to a complex dynamical environment that significantly influences the evolution of binary stars, which in turn impacts the evolution of the cluster itself. For this…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-10 J. Bruce , E. Vesperini , A. Askar , E. Bortolan , M. Giersz , J. Hong , A. Hypki , A. P. Milone

We describe an astrometric and spectroscopic campaign to confirm the youth and association of a complete sample of candidate wide companions in Taurus and Upper Sco. Our survey found fifteen new binary systems (3 in Taurus and 12 in Upper…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Adam L. Kraus , Lynne A. Hillenbrand

Stellar systems consisting of three or more stars are not an uncommon occurrence in the Galaxy. Nearly 50% of solar-type wide binaries with separations >1000 au are actually higher-order multiples with one component being a close binary.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-10 Zachary D. Hartman , Gerard van Belle , Sébastien Lépine , Mark E. Everett , Ilija Medan

The majority of stars in known star-forming regions are located in binary systems. Although the separation distribution of these populations varies from one region to another, most peak between a few and several tens of AU. Given the >100…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-24 L. Prato , A. J. Weinberger

We have searched for visual binaries with projected separations in the range 200-3000 AU (0.1"-1.5") among a sample of 96 stars in the massive young NGC 6611 cluster, 60 of them being subsequently identified as high probability cluster…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 G. Duchene , T. Simon , J. Eisloffel , J. Bouvier