Related papers: Ultimate Energy Densities for Electromagnetic Puls…
The energy characteristics of a relativistic charged particle in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave of a given amplitude are studied. The dependence of the particle's energy on its phase coordinate is obtained. The maximum value of…
We derive upper bounds to free-space concentration of electromagnetic waves, mapping out the limits to maximum intensity for any spot size and optical beam-shaping device. For sub-diffraction-limited optical beams, our bounds suggest the…
The electromagnetic local density of states (LDOS) is crucial to many aspects of photonics engineering, from enhancing emission of photon sources to radiative heat transfer and photovoltaics. We present a framework for evaluating upper…
The motion of an electron in an image field and a blocking electric field is considered in semiclassical approximation. An exact analytical expression is found for the density of the energy spectrum of states. The dependence of spectral…
The possibility of the precise measurement of the electron beam energy using absorption of radiation by electrons in a static and homogeneous magnetic field in a range up to a few hundred GeV energies, was considered in [1]. With the…
An expression for the electromagnetic field energy density in a dispersive, lossy, left-handed metamaterial, consisting of an array of split-ring resonators and an array of wires is derived. An electromagnetic field with general…
We study the nature and location of electromagetic energy for two cases. The energy density for electromagnetic radiation is shown to be $\frac{1}{8\pi}(E^2+B^2)$, with the energy contained in the electromagnet fields. For a static charge…
It is considered constraints imposed by the quantum mechanics on the measurement of the density of the electromagnetic energy. First, the energy of the electromagnetic wave and the volume (time) are bound with the Heisenberg uncertainty…
We obtain exact analytic expressions for (i) the electromagnetic energy radial density within and outside a multilayered sphere and (ii) the total electromagnetic energy stored within its core and each of its shells. Explicit expressions…
Fully analytic expressions, for the electric and magnetic fields of an ultrashort and tightly focused laser pulse of the radially polarized category, are presented to lowest order of approximation. The fields are derived from scalar and…
A free electron can temporarily gain a very significant amount of energy if it is overrun by an intense electromagnetic wave. In principle, this process would permit large enhancements in the center-of-mass energy of electron-electron,…
We consider the use of the energy density for describing a localization of relativistic particles. This method is consistent with the causality requirements. The related positive operator valued measure is presented. The probability…
By introducing a phase field and solving the eigen-functional equation of particles, we obtain the exact expressions of the ground state energy as a functional of the particle density for interacting electron/boson systems, and a…
It is well known that although the group velocity of structured light pulses propagating in vacuum can be subluminal or superluminal, the upper limit of the energy flow velocity is c, the speed of light in vacuum. This inequality can be…
We discuss the concept of energy packets in respect to the energy transported by electromagnetic waves and we demonstrate that this physical quantity can be used in physical problems involving relativistic effects. This refined concept…
A general method is presented for determining the maximum electric energy in a bounded region of optical fields with given time-averaged flux of electromagnetic energy. Time-harmonic fields are considered whose plane wave expansion consists…
We measured for the first time the electron density in an Extreme Ultra-Violet induced plasma. This is achieved in a low-pressure argon plasma by using a method called microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy. The measured electron density…
An algebraic procedure to find extremal density matrices for any Hamiltonian of a qudit system is established. The extremal density matrices for pure states provide a complete description of the system, that is, the energy spectra of the…
The total energy of a quasi-one-dimensional electron system is calculated using density functional theory. It is shown that spontaneous ferromagnetic state in quantum wire occurs at low one-dimensional electron density. The critical…
We compute the real and imaginary parts of the electric permittivities and magnetic permeabilities for relativistic electrons from quantum electrodynamics at finite temperature and density. A semiclassical approximation establishes the…