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It has been recently shown that nonlinear effects emerging at the time of the generation of the quasi-normal modes are necessary to model ringdowns from black hole mergers. In this note, we describe how nonlinerarities also arise when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-03 Alex Kehagias , Antonio Riotto

During the binary black hole coalescence, gravitational waves emitted at the ringdown stage can be well described by black hole perturbation theory, where the quasinormal modes (QNMs) become the important ingredient in modeling the pattern…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-18 Zhen-Hao Yang , Yun-He Lei , Xiao-Mei Kuang , Bin Wang

Using gravitational waves to probe the geometry of the ringing remnant black hole formed in a binary black hole coalescence is a well-established way to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, doing so requires knowledge of…

Early-time evolution away from an unstable equilibrium in a nonlinear system is often expected to be governed by the associated linear instability. Combining full nonlinear evolution with first- and second-order quasinormal mode (QNM)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 Lang Cheng , Guangzhou Guo , Peng Wang , Haitang Yang

We formulate and calculate the second order quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH). Gravitational wave (GW) from a distorted BH, so called ringdown, is well understood as QNMs in general relativity. Since QNMs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hiroyuki Nakano , Kunihito Ioka

We study odd-parity perturbations about static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with a linearly time-dependent scalar field in higher-order scalar-tensor theories. In particular, we consider stealth Schwarzschild and stealth…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-01 Keisuke Nakashi , Masashi Kimura , Hayato Motohashi , Kazufumi Takahashi

Power law tails induced by nonlinearities of General Relativity (``sourced'' or ``nonlinear'' tails) were recently shown to dominate the late time waveform of Schwarzschild black hole ringdowns. We extend the analytical results regarding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-24 Siyang Ling , Sam S. C. Wong

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-13 Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , François Hébert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe , Nils L. Vu , Yanbei Chen

Binary black hole coalescence has its peak of gravitational wave generation during the "plunge," the transition from quasicircular early motion to late quasinormal ringing. Although advances in numerical relativity have provided plunge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-02 Richard H. Price , Sourabh Nampalliwar , Gaurav Khanna

In recent work, we examined how different modes in the ringdown phase of a binary coalescence are excited as a function of the final plunge geometry. At least in the large mass ratio limit, we found a clean mapping between angles describing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 Halston Lim , Gaurav Khanna , Scott A. Hughes

Quasinormal modes of perturbed black holes have recently gained much interest because of their tight relations with the gravitational wave signals emitted during the post-merger phase of a binary black hole coalescence. One of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-03 Che-Yu Chen , Mariam Bouhmadi-López , Pisin Chen

Parametric deviations of quasinormal modes~(QNMs) is a common feature of beyond General Relativity (GR) theories. For theories with additional degrees of freedom, such as scalars and vectors, new family of modes might appear, usually called…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-08 Orival R. de Medeiros , Mateus Malato Corrêa , Caio F. B. Macedo

Recent studies have shown that a secondary potential barrier, forming a potential well outside the event horizon, can destabilize the Quasinormal Mode (QNM) spectrum of black holes. We find that spectral instability may persist even after…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-09 Peng Wang , Tianshu Wu

The spectroscopic study of black hole quasinormal modes in gravitational-wave ringdown observations is hindered by our ignorance of which modes should dominate astrophysical signals for different binary configurations, limiting tests of…

The recent convergence of gravitational-wave (GW) observations and black hole imaging provides complementary probes of strong-gravity dynamics. While the black hole shadow is typically modeled as a static feature, a dynamically perturbed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Reggie C. Pantig

It has been shown that black hole quasinormal modes are subject to spectral instability, typically triggered by metric perturbations. These perturbations, which can introduce a minor bump in the effective potential of the wave equation,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-11 Ramin G. Daghigh , Guan-Ru Li , Wei-Liang Qian , Stefan J. Randow

The ringdown phase of a perturbed black hole is conventionally described by a linear superposition of quasinormal modes. However, as the AdS black brane approaches its final global equilibrium, this linear quasinormal mode description…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-09 Yan Liu , Hao-Tian Sun

We have studied the quasinormal modes and the late-time tail behaviors of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations in the Schwarzschild black hole pierced by a cosmic string. Although the metric is locally identical to that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Songbai Chen , Bin Wang , Rekeng Su

The ringdown of a perturbed black hole contains fundamental information about space-time in the form of Quasi Normal Modes (QNM). Modifications to general relativity, or extended profiles of other fields surrounding the black hole, so…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-16 Jamie Bamber , Oliver J. Tattersall , Katy Clough , Pedro G. Ferreira