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For a labeled, rooted tree with edges oriented towards the root, we consider the vertices as parking spots and the edge orientation as a one-way street. Each driver, starting with her preferred parking spot, searches for and parks in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Westin King , Catherine H. Yan

For any integers $1\leq k\leq n$, we introduce a new family of parking functions called $k$-vacillating parking functions of length $n$. The parking rule for $k$-vacillating parking functions allows a car with preference $p$ to park in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Bruce Fang , Pamela E. Harris , Brian M. Kamau , David Wang

We explore the link between combinatorics and probability generated by the question "What does a random parking function look like?" This gives rise to novel probabilistic interpretations of some elegant, known generating functions. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Persi Diaconis , Angela Hicks

An $(m, n)$-parking function can be characterized as function $f:[n] \to [m]$ such that the partition obtained by reordering the values of $f$ fits inside a right triangle with legs of length $m$ and $n$. Recent work by McCammond, Thomas,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Garrett Nelson

Interval parking functions are a generalization of parking functions in which cars have an interval preference for their parking. We generalize this definition to parking functions with $n$ cars and $m\geq n$ parking spots, which we call…

Classical parking functions are defined as the parking preferences for $n$ cars driving (from west to east) down a one-way street containing parking spaces labeled from $1$ to $n$ (from west to east). Cars drive down the street toward their…

The notion of parking sequences is a new generalization of parking functions introduced by Ehrenborg and Happ. In the parking process defining the classical parking functions, instead of each car only taking one parking space, we allow the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Ayomikun Adeniran , Catherine Yan

In a parking function, a car is considered lucky if it is able to park in its preferred spot. Extending work of Harris and Martinez, we enumerate outcomes of parking functions with a fixed set of lucky cars. We then consider a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Melanie Ferreri , Pamela E. Harris , Lucy Martinez , Eric Swartz

In this paper, we view parking functions viewed as labeled Dyck paths in order to study a notion of pattern avoidance first introduced by Remmel and Qiu. In particular we enumerate the parking functions avoiding any set of two or more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-30 Ayomikun Adeniran , Lara Pudwell

Parking functions were classically defined for $n$ cars attempting to park on a one-way street with $n$ parking spots, where cars only drive forward. Subsequently, parking functions have been generalized in various ways, including allowing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Roger Tian

Interval parking functions (IPFs) are a generalization of ordinary parking functions in which each car is willing to park only in a fixed interval of spaces. Each interval parking function can be expressed as a pair $(a,b)$, where $a$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Emma Colaric , Ryan DeMuse , Jeremy L. Martin , Mei Yin

A parking function of length $n$ is a sequence $\pi=(\pi_1,\dots, \pi_n)$ of positive integers such that if $\lambda_1\leq\cdots\leq \lambda_n$ is the increasing rearrangement of $\pi_1,\dots,\pi_n$, then $\lambda_i\leq i$ for $1\leq i\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Martin Rubey , Mei Yin

A parking function is a sequence of N nonnegative integers majorated by a permutation of the set {0, ..., N-1}. We provide a way to encode parking functions by data suggested by J.Haglund and N.Loehr. This coding is compared with another…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yurii M. Burman

In this paper, let $\mathcal{P}_{n;\leq s;k}^l$ denote a set of $k$-flaw preference sets $(a_1,...,a_n)$ with $n$ parking spaces satisfying that $1\leq a_i\leq s$ for any $i$ and $a_1=l$ and $p_{n;\leq s;k}^l=|\mathcal{P}_{n;\leq s;k}^l|$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-03 Po-Yi Huang , Jun Ma , Jean Yeh

In this paper, we explore parking distributions on caterpillar trees, focusing on two primary statistics: the number of lucky cars and the frequency with which cars prefer specific parking spaces. We use first-return decomposition to reveal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Amanuel T. Getachew

A parking function on $[n]$ creates a permutation in $S_n$ via the order in which the $n$ cars appear in the $n$ parking spaces. Placing the uniform probability measure on the set of parking functions on $[n]$ induces a probability measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Ross G. Pinsky

In this paper, we mainly study two notions of pattern avoidance in parking functions. First, for any collection of length 3 patterns, we compute the number of parking functions of size $n$ that avoid them under the first notion. This is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Jun Yan

We introduce parking assortments, a generalization of parking functions with cars of assorted lengths. In this setting, there are $n\in\mathbb{N}$ cars of lengths $\mathbf{y}=(y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_n)\in\mathbb{N}^n$ entering a one-way street…

The conceptions of $G$-parking functions and $G$-multiparking functions were introduced in [15] and [12] respectively. In this paper, let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $\{1,2,...,n\}$ and $m\in V(G)$. We give the definition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Hungyung Chang , Po-Yi Huang , Jun Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

Given a strictly increasing sequence $\mathbf{t}$ with entries from $[n]:=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, a parking completion is a sequence $\mathbf{c}$ with $|\mathbf{t}|+|\mathbf{c}|=n$ and $|\{t\in \mathbf{t}\mid t\le i\}|+|\{c\in \mathbf{c}\mid c\le…