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We introduce a generalization of entanglement based on the idea that entanglement is relative to a distinguished subspace of observables rather than a distinguished subsystem decomposition. A pure quantum state is entangled relative to such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Howard Barnum , Emanuel Knill , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando Somma , Lorenza Viola

The general concept of symmetry is realized in manifold ways in different realms of reality, such as plants, animals, minerals, mathematical objects or human artefacts in literature, fine arts and society. In order to arrive at a common…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Hartmann Römer

Developing a robust generalization measure for the performance of machine learning models is an important and challenging task. A lot of recent research in the area focuses on the model decision boundary when predicting generalization. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Valeri Alexiev

We obtain the estimate of difference between binomial and generalized binomial distributions in $\chi^2$ metric and in several other related metrics

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Vytas Zacharovas

The Procrustes distance is used to quantify the similarity or dissimilarity of (3-dimensional) shapes, and extensively used in biological morphometrics. Typically each (normalized) shape is represented by N landmark points, chosen to be…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-06-28 Yaron Lipman Reema Al-Aifari Ingrid Daubechies

Knowing the distance of an astrophysical object is key to understanding it. However, at present, comparisons of theory and observations are hampered by precision (or lack thereof) in distance measurements or estimates. Putting the many…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-11 Richard de Grijs

This paper has been withdrawn by the author. In this short paper I present a new approach to the problem of measurement, based on the difference between language (reality) and meta-language (meta-reality). This way, it will be shown as the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Davide Bondoni

We derive a generalized deviation equation -- analogous to the well-known geodesic deviation equation -- for test bodies in General Relativity. Our result encompasses and generalizes previous extensions of the standard geodesic deviation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-01 Dirk Puetzfeld , Yuri N. Obukhov

The concept of measurability of functions on a charge space is generalised for functions taking values in a uniform space. Several existing forms of measurability generalise naturally in this context, and new forms of measurability are…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Jonathan M. Keith

We study the possibility of defining a distance on the whole space of measures, with the property that the distance between two measures having the same mass is the Wasserstein distance, up to a scaling factor. We prove that, under very…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Luca Lombardini , Francesco Rossi

In the context of earlier work, we investigate the emergence of a "distance" in the physical world. For this we consider a Cantor ternary like process, but much more general: properties like perfectness and disconnectedness are not invoked,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 B. G. Sidharth

We construct measure which determines a two-variable mean in a very natural way. Using that measure we can extend the mean to infinite sets as well. E.g. we can calculate the geometric mean of any set with positive Lebesgue measure. We also…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-12-06 Attila Losonczi

Consider an unlimited homogeneous medium disturbed by points generated via Poisson process. The neighborhood of a point plays an important role in spatial statistics problems. Here, we obtain analytically the distance statistics to $k$th…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-11 Cristiano Roberto Fabri Granzotti , Alexandre Souto Martinez

We consider various problems related to finding points in $\Q^{2}$ and in $\Q^{3}$ which lie at rational distance from the vertices of some specified geometric object, for example, a square or rectangle in $\Q^{2}$, and a cube or…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-26 Andrew Bremner , Maciej Ulas

Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence (D-S theory) is widely used in uncertain information process. The basic probability assignment(BPA) is a key element in D-S theory. How to measure the distance between two BPAs is an open issue. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-11-19 Hongming Mo , Xiaoyan Su , Yong Hu , Yong Deng

Given a set of sequences, the distance between pairs of them helps us to find their similarity and derive structural relationship amongst them. For genomic sequences such measures make it possible to construct the evolution tree of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-29 Sandeep Hosangadi

{Researchers recently introduced interpolative metric spaces and established fixed-point theorems in this setting. We demonstrate that these metrics are a special case of b-metrics. On the other hand, suprametrics and b-suprametrics have…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Hassan Khandani

In any setting in which observable properties have a quantitative flavour, it is natural to compare computational objects by way of \emph{metrics} rather than equivalences or partial orders. This holds, in particular, for probabilistic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-20 Raphaëlle Crubillé , Ugo Dal Lago

The paper considers a new quantitative-qualitative proximity measure for the features of information objects, where data enters a common information resource from several sources independently. The goal is to determine the possibility of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Volodymyr Yuzefovych

Generalized Wasserstein distances allow to quantitatively compare two continuous or atomic mass distributions with equal or different total mass. In this paper, we propose four numerical methods for the approximation of three different…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Maya Briani , Emiliano Cristiani , Giovanni Franzina , Francesca L. Ignoto