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This paper introduces Martingales by covering introductory measure theory concepts and the Lebesgue Integration and Conditional Expectation. It follows up with proofs of Kolomorgov's Theorem on conditional expectations, the Martingale…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-17 Rohan Shah

We introduce a distance in the space of fully-supported probability measures on one-dimensional symbolic spaces. We compare this distance to the $\bar{d}$-distance and we prove that in general they are not comparable. Our projective…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-03-04 Liliana Trejo-Valencia , Edgardo Ugalde

We describe a construction process of a relevant measure in any non-empty compact metric space. This probability measure has invariance properties with respect to isometric maps defined on open sets. These properties imply that this measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-23 Jean-Yves Larrieu

Divergences are quantities that measure discrepancy between two probability distributions and play an important role in various fields such as statistics and machine learning. Divergences are non-negative and are equal to zero if and only…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Tomohiro Nishiyama

Let P -> M be a principal G-bundle. Using techniques from the loop representation of gauge theory, we construct well-defined substitutes for ``Lebesgue measure'' on the space A of connections on P and for ``Haar measure'' on the group Ga of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 John C. Baez

The uncertainty or the variability of the data may be treated by considering, rather than a single value for each data, the interval of values in which it may fall. This paper studies the derivation of basic description statistics for…

Computation · Statistics 2008-12-18 Marie Chavent , Jérôme Saracco

We show how to provide a structure of probability space to the set of execution traces on a non-confluent abstract rewrite system, by defining a variant of a Lebesgue measure on the space of traces. Then, we show how to use this probability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-02 Alejandro Díaz-Caro , Gilles Dowek

Given a probability measure with density, Fermat distances and density-driven metrics are conformal transformations of the Euclidean metric that shrink distances in high density areas and enlarge distances in low density areas. Although…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Jérôme Taupin , Frédéric Chazal

We formulate a simple characterization of homogeneous Young measures associated with measurable functions. It is based on the notion of the quasi-Young measure introduced in the previous article published in this Journal. First, homogeneous…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Piotr Puchała

We prove a generalization of van der Corput's difference theorem for sequences of vectors in a Hilbert space. This generalization is obtained by establishing a connection between sequences of vectors in the first Hilbert space with a vector…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Sohail Farhangi

The current status concerning Hardy-type inequalities with sharp constants is presented and described in a unified convexity way. In particular, it is then natural to replace the Lebesgue measure $dx$ with the Haar measure $dx/x.$ There are…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Lars-Erik Persson , Natasha Samko , George Tephnadze

These informal notes deal with some basic properties of metric spaces, especially concerning lengths of curves.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-09-27 Stephen Semmes

The evoluted set is the set of configurations reached from an initial set via a fixed flow for all times in a fixed interval. We find conditions on the initial set and on the flow ensuring that the evoluted set has negligible boundary (i.e.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Francesco Boarotto , Laura Caravenna , Francesco Rossi , Davide Vittone

$L\sp{p}$ space is a crucial aspect of classical measure theory. For nonadditive measure, it is known that $L\sp{p}$ space theory holds for the Choquet integral whenever the monotone measure $\mu$ is submodular and continuous from below.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-07 Yao Ouyang , Jun Li , Radko Mesiar

We study Lebesgue integration of sums of products of globally subanalytic functions and their logarithms, called constructible functions. Our first theorem states that the class of constructible functions is stable under integration. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Raf Cluckers , Daniel J. Miller

In a variety of applications it is important to extract information from a probability measure $\mu$ on an infinite dimensional space. Examples include the Bayesian approach to inverse problems and possibly conditioned) continuous time…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-02 Frank Pinski , Gideon Simpson , Andrew Stuart , Hendrik Weber

The class of Banach spaces $(L^{q},L^{p}) ^{\alpha}(X,d,\mu)$, $1\leq q\leq \alpha \leq p\leq \infty ,$ introduced in \cite{F1} in connection with the study of the continuity of the fractional maximal operator of Hardy-Littlewood and of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-06-01 Justin Feuto , Ibrahim Fofana , Konin Koua

An extension of the ambient metric construction of Fefferman-Graham to infinite order in even dimensions is described. The main ingredients are the introduction of "inhomogeneous ambient metrics" with asymptotic expansions involving the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 C. Robin Graham , Kengo Hirachi

We present a replacement for traditional Riemann integrals in undergraduate calculus, which supplements naive precalculus and at the same time opens a way to more sophisticated theories such as Lebesgue integration.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Shigeru Yamagami

Many practical studies rely on hypothesis testing procedures applied to data sets with missing information. An important part of the analysis is to determine the impact of the missing data on the performance of the test, and this can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-15 Dan L. Nicolae , Xiao-Li Meng , Augustine Kong