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The newly formed giant planets may have migrated and crossed a number of mutual mean motion resonances (MMRs) when smaller objects (embryos) were accreting to form the terrestrial planets. We investigated the effects of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-05 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

The irregular moons orbit the giant planets on distant, inclined, and eccentric trajectories, in sharp contrast with the coplanar and quasicircular orbits of the regular moons. The origin of these irregular moons is still an open question,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-06 Susanne Pfalzner , Amith Govind , Frank Wagner

The Cassini spacecraft revealed the spectacular, highly irregular shapes of the small inner moons of Saturn, ranging from the unique "ravioli-like" forms of Pan and Atlas to the highly elongated structure of Prometheus. Closest to Saturn,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Adrien Leleu , Martin Jutzi , Martin Rubin

It is well accepted that 'hot Jupiters' did not form in situ, as the temperature in the protoplanetary disc at the radius at which they now orbit would have been too high for planet formation to have occurred. These planets, instead, form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 W. K. M. Rice , J. Veljanoski , A. Collier Cameron

We suppose that some large trans-Neptunian objects could be formed directly by the compression of rarefied dust condensations of the protoplanetary disk, but not by the accretion of smaller planetesimals. About 0.0015 of former…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. I. Ipatov

The origin of rings around giant planets remains elusive. Saturn's rings are massive and made of 90-95% of water ice. In contrast, the much less massive rings of Uranus and Neptune are dark and likely to have higher rock fraction. Here we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 Ryuki Hyodo , Sébastien Charnoz , Keiji Ohtsuki , Hidenori Genda

The orbital distribution of trans-Neptunian objects provides strong evidence for the radial migration of Neptune. The outer planets' orbits are thought to have become unstable during the early stages with Jupiter having scattering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-12 David Nesvorny , David Vokrouhlicky , William F. Bottke , Harold F. Levison

The terrestrial planets formed by accretion of asteroid-like objects within the inner solar system's protoplanetary disk. Previous works have found that forming a small-mass Mars requires the disk to contain little mass beyond ~1.5 au…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-16 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

The proposed multi-impact model explains the formation of the Moon, Charon, and binary asteroids without invoking catastrophic cosmic events. The main elements of the new model are as follows: a. A primordial, low-mass proto-satellite disk…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-30 Nick Gorkavyi

The two dominant features in the distribution of orbital parameters for close-in exoplanets are the prevalence of circular orbits for very short periods, and the observation that planets on closer orbits tend to be heavier. The first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Frederic Pont , Nawal Husnoo , Tsevi Mazeh , Daniel Fabrycky

Early migration damped Neptune's eccentricity. Here, we assume that the damped value was much smaller than the value observed today, and show that the closest flyby of $\sim 0.1 \; \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ star over $\sim 4.5 \mathrm{\; Gyr}$ in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-18 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

In this paper, we present the consistent evolution of short-period exoplanets coupling the tidal and gravothermal evolution of the planet. Contrarily to previous similar studies, our calculations are based on the complete tidal evolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Jérémy Leconte , Gilles Chabrier , Isabelle Baraffe , Benjamin Levrard

Warm giant planets with orbital periods of tens of days exhibit a positive correlation between mass and eccentricity. We interpret this trend as the outcome of planet-planet scattering, representing a transition from collision-dominated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Jiayin Dong , Eve J. Lee , Eiichiro Kokubo , Ruth Murray-Clay , Arvind Gupta

The Pluto system was recently explored by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, making closest approach on 14 July 2015. Pluto's surface displays diverse landforms, terrain ages, albedos, colors, and composition gradients. Evidence is found for a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-06 S. A. Stern , F. Bagenal , K. Ennico , G. R. Gladstone , W. M. Grundy , W. B. McKinnon , J. M. Moore , C. B. Olkin , J. R. Spencer , H. A. Weaver , L. A. Young , T. Andert , J. Andrews , M. Banks , B. Bauer , J. Bauman , O. S. Barnouin , P. Bedini , K. Beisser , R. A. Beyer , S. Bhaskaran , R. P. Binzel , E. Birath , M. Bird , D. J. Bogan , A. Bowman , V. J. Bray , M. Brozovic , C. Bryan , M. R. Buckley , M. W. Buie , B. J. Buratti , S. S. Bushman , A. Calloway , B. Carcich , A. F. Cheng , S. Conard , C. A. Conrad , J. C. Cook , D. P. Cruikshank , O. S. Custodio , C. M. Dalle Ore , C. Deboy , Z. J. B. Dischner , P. Dumont , A. M. Earle , H. A. Elliott , J. Ercol , C. M. Ernst , T. Finley , S. H. Flanigan , G. Fountain , M. J. Freeze , T. Greathouse , J. L. Green , Y. Guo , M. Hahn , D. P. Hamilton , S. A. Hamilton , J. Hanley , A. Harch , H. M. Hart , C. B. Hersman , A. Hill , M. E. Hill , D. P. Hinson , M. E. Holdridge , M. Horanyi , A. D. Howard , C. J. A. Howett , C. Jackman , R. A. Jacobson , D. E. Jennings , J. A. Kammer , H. K. Kang , D. E. Kaufmann , P. Kollmann , S. M. Krimigis , D. Kusnierkiewicz , T. R. Lauer , J. E. Lee , K. L. Lindstrom , I. R. Linscott , C. M. Lisse , A. W. Lunsford , V. A. Mallder , N. Martin , D. J. McComas , R. L. McNutt , D. Mehoke , T. Mehoke , E. D. Melin , M. Mutchler , D. Nelson , F. Nimmo , J. I. Nunez , A. Ocampo , W. M. Owen , M. Paetzold , B. Page , A. H. Parker , J. W. Parker , F. Pelletier , J. Peterson , N. Pinkine , M. Piquette , S. B. Porter , S. Protopapa , J. Redfern , H. J. Reitsema , D. C. Reuter , J. H. Roberts , S. J. Robbins , G. Rogers , D. Rose , K. Runyon , K. D. Retherford , M. G. Ryschkewitsch , P. Schenk , R. Schindhelm , B. Sepan , M. R. Showalter , K. N. Singer , M. Soluri , D. Stanbridge , A. J. Steffl , D. F. Strobel , T. Stryk , M. E. Summers , J. R. Szalay , M. Tapley , A. Taylor , H. Taylor , H. B. Throop , C. C. C. Tsang , G. L. Tyler , O. M. Umurhan , A. J. Verbiscer , M. H. Versteeg , M. Vincent , R. Webbert , S. Weidner , G. E. Weigle , O. L. White , K. Whittenburg , B. G. Williams , K. Williams , S. Williams , W. W. Woods , A. M. Zangari , E. Zirnstein

The Juno mission has provided an accurate determination of Jupiter's gravitational field, which has been used to obtain information about the planet's composition and internal structure. Several models of Jupiter's structure that fit the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-17 Shang-Fei Liu , Yasunori Hori , Simon Müller , Xiaochen Zheng , Ravit Helled , Doug Lin , Andrea Isella

Using the Andrade-derived Sundberg-Cooper rheology, we apply several improvements to the secular tidal evolution of TRAPPIST-1e and the early history of Pluto-Charon under the simplifying assumption of homogeneous bodies. By including…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-25 Joe P. Renaud , Wade G. Henning , Prabal Saxena , Marc Neveu , Amirhossein Bagheri , Avi Mandell , Terry Hurford

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet surveys over the last quarter century. Results from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Jacob L. Bean , Sean N. Raymond , James E. Owen

The origin of Saturn's inner mid-sized moons (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea) and Saturn's rings is debated. Charnoz et al. (2010) introduced the idea that the smallest inner moons could form from the spreading of the rings' edge…

An episode of dynamical instability is thought to have sculpted the orbital structure of the outer solar system. When modeling this instability, a key constraint comes from Jupiter's fifth eccentric mode (quantified by its amplitude M55),…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Mattthew S. Clement , Sean N. Raymond , Nathan A. Kaib , Rogerio Deienno , John E. Chambers , Andre Izidoro

Protoplanetary disks are thought to be truncated at orbital periods of around 10 days. Therefore, origin of rocky short period planets with $P < 10$ days is a puzzle. We propose that many of these planets may form through the Type-I…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Daniel Carrera , Eric B. Ford , Andre Izidoro