Related papers: Measures and their random reals
An infinite binary sequence is deemed to be random if it has all definable properties that hold almost surely for the usual probability measure on the set of infinite binary sequences. There are only countably many such properties, so it…
A natural representation of random graphs is the random measure. The collection of product random measures, their transformations, and non-negative test functions forms a general representation of the collection of non-negative weighted…
Since human randomness production has been studied and widely used to assess executive functions (especially inhibition), many measures have been suggested to assess the degree to which a sequence is random-like. However, each of them…
In this paper two hypotheses are developed. The first hypothesis is the existence of random phenomena/experiments in which the events cannot generally be assigned a definite probability but that nevertheless admit a class of nearly certain…
It is shown that in two-state quantum theory, a generic quantum state can be described by a non-computable real number. In terms of this, the criterion for measurement outcome is simply and deterministically defined. This demonstration is…
We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…
For a large class of Cantor sets on the real-line, we find sufficient and necessary conditions implying that a set has positive (resp. null) measure for all doubling measures of the real-line. We also discuss same type of questions for…
The outcomes of a series of measurements, made on a quantum system, form a sequence of random events which occur in a particular order. The system, together with a meter or meters, can be seen as following the paths of a stochastic network…
According to quantum theory, the outcomes of future measurements cannot (in general) be predicted with certainty. In some cases, even with a complete physical description of the system to be measured and the measurement apparatus, the…
A solution to the second measurement problem, determining what prior microscopic properties can be inferred from measurement outcomes ("pointer positions"), is worked out for projective and generalized (POVM) measurements, using consistent…
The notion of Schnorr randomness refers to computable reals or computable functions. We propose a version of Schnorr randomness for subcomputable classes and characterize it in different ways: by Martin L\"of tests, martingales or measure…
Reimann and Slaman initiated the study of sequences that are Martin-L\"of random with respect to a continuous measure, establishing fundamental facts about NCR, the collection of sequences that are not Martin-L\"of random with respect to…
We obtain a complete description for a probability measure to be doubling on an arbitrarily given uniform Cantor set. The question of which doubling measures on such a Cantor set can be extended to a doubling measure on [0; 1] is also…
There is a constraining relation between the reliability of a quantum measurement and the extent to which the measurement process is, in principle, reversible. The greater the information that is gained, the less reversible the measurement…
From mostly a measure-theoretic consideration, we show that for every nonnegative, finite, and $L^{1}$ function on a given finite measure space there is some nontrivial sequence of real numbers such that the series, obtained from summing…
To begin with, it is pointed out that the form of the quantum probabil- ity formula originates in the very initial state of the object system as seen when the state is expanded with the eigen-projectors of the measured ob- servable. Making…
Individual choices often depend on the order in which the decisions are made. In this paper, we expose a general theory of measurable systems (an example of which is an individual's preferences) allowing for incompatible (non-commuting)…
From the premise that an observable is real after it is measured, we envisage a tomography-based protocol that allows us to propose a quantifier for the degree of indefiniteness of an observable given a quantum state. Then, we find that the…
A fruitful way of obtaining meaningful, possibly concrete, algorithmically random numbers is to consider a potential behaviour of a Turing machine and its probability with respect to a measure (or semi-measure) on the input space of binary…
Suppose that we are given an infinite binary sequence which is random for a Bernoulli measure of parameter $p$. By the law of large numbers, the frequency of zeros in the sequence tends to~$p$, and thus we can get better and better…