Related papers: Surface-focused Seismic Holography of Sunspots: I.…
We investigate how helioseismic waves that originate from effective point sources interact with a sunspot. These waves are reconstructed from observed stochastic wavefields on the Sun by cross-correlating photospheric Doppler-velocity…
Time-distance helioseismic measurements in surface- and deep-focus geometries for wave-paths that distinguish surface magnetic contributions from those due to deeper perturbations beneath a large sunspot are presented and analysed. Travel…
The continuous high spatial-resolution Doppler observation of the Sun by Solar Dynamics Observatory / Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager allows us to compute helioseismic k-omega power-spectrum diagram using only oscillations inside a…
Aims: The primary objective of this study is to search for and identify wave modes within a sunspot penumbra. Methods: Infrared spectropolarimetric time series data are inverted using a model comprising two atmospheric components in each…
Wave travel-time shifts in the vicinity of sunspots are typically interpreted as arising predominantly from magnetic fields, flows, and local changes in sound speed. We show here that the suppression of granulation related wave sources in a…
Improving methods for determining the subsurface structure of sunspots from their seismic signature requires a better understanding of the interaction of waves with magnetic field concentrations. We aim to quantify the impact of changes in…
Wave propagation through sunspots involves conversion between waves of acoustic and magnetic character. In addition, the thermal structure of sunspots is very different than that of the quiet Sun. As a consequence, the interpretation of…
The helioseismic properties of the wave scattering generated by monolithic and spaghetti sunspots are analyzed by means of numerical simulations. In these computations, an incident f or p1 mode travels through the sunspot model, which…
It is well known that the observed amplitude of solar oscillations is lower in sunspots than in quiet regions of the Sun. We show that this local reduction in oscillation amplitudes combined with the phase-speed filtering procedure in…
Various methods of helioseismology are used to study the subsurface properties of the sunspot in NOAA Active Region 9787. This sunspot was chosen because it is axisymmetric, shows little evolution during 20-28 January 2002, and was observed…
Correct interpretation of acoustic travel times measured by time-distance helioseismology is essential to get an accurate understanding of the solar properties that are inferred from them. It has long been observed that sunspots suppress…
Using helioseismic holography strong evidence is presented that the phase (or equivalent travel-time) of helioseismic signatures in Dopplergrams within sunspots depend upon the line-of-sight angle in the plane containing the magnetic field…
The structure of the surface layers of the Sun is changed by magnetic activity which, in turn, changes the eigenfrequencies of the acoustic modes. These frequency shifts have been observed both in low- and high-degree data, and are found to…
The presence of intense magnetic fields in and around sunspots is expected to modify the solar structure and oscillation frequencies. Applying the ring diagram technique to data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and…
Sunspots are known to be strong absorbers of solar oscillation modal power. The most convincing way to demonstrate this is done via Fourier-Hankel decomposition (FHD), where the local oscillation field is separated into in- and outgoing…
A crucial feature not widely accounted for in local helioseismology is that surface magnetic regions actually open a window from the interior into the solar atmosphere, and that the seismic waves leak through this window, reflect high in…
In order to assess the ability of helioseismology to probe the subsurface structure and magnetic field of sunspots, we need to determine how helioseismic travel times depend on perturbations to sunspot models. Here we numerically simulate…
Using Doppler velocity data from the SOI/MDI instrument onboard the SoHO spacecraft, we do time-distance helioseismic inversions for sound-speed perturbations beneath 16 sunspots observed in high-resolution mode. We clearly detect ring-like…
Photospheric waves in sunspots moving radially outwards at speeds faster than the characteristic wave velocities have been recently detected. It has been suggested that they are the visual pattern of $p-$modes excited around 5 Mm beneath…
A time series of GONG Dopplergrams for the period 10-14 May 1997 from Udaipur and Big Bear sites has been used to measure the velocity fluctuations in the sunspot (NOAA active region 8038) and quiet photosphere simultaneously. We observe…