Related papers: Transient horizontal magnetic fields in solar plag…
The convective envelopes of cool main-sequence stars harbour magnetic fields with a complex global and local structure. These fields affect the near-surface convection and the outer stellar atmospheres in many ways and are responsible for…
Small-scale magnetic flux emergence in the quiet Sun is crucial for maintaining solar magnetic activity. On the smallest scales studied so far, namely within individual granules, two mechanisms have been identified: emergence in tiny…
Aims. Moreno-Insertis et al. (2018) recently discovered two types of flux emergence in their numerical simulations: magnetic loops and magnetic sheet emergence. Whereas magnetic loop emergence has been documented well in the last years, by…
Small bipolar magnetic features are observed to appear in the interior of individual granules in the quiet Sun, signaling the emergence of tiny magnetic loops from the solar interior. We study the origin of those features as part of the…
This contribution to "Solar Magnetic Variability and Climate" reviews small-scale magnetic features on the solar surface, in particular the strong-field but tiny magnetic concentrations that constitute network and plage and represent most…
The study of spatial and temporal scales on which small magnetic structures (magnetic elements) are organized in the quiet Sun may be approached by determining how they are transported on the solar photosphere by convective motions. The…
Besides a dense coverage of their high latitudes by starspots, rapidly rotating cool stars also display low-latitude spots in Doppler images, although generally with a lower coverage. In contrast, flux emergence models of fast-rotating…
Small-scale magnetic fields are thought to play an important role in the heating of the outer solar atmosphere. By taking advantage of the unprecedented high-spatial and temporal cadence of IMaX, the filter vector polarimeter on board the…
We present a radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulation of the formation of an Active Region on the solar surface. The simulation models the rise of a buoyant magnetic flux bundle from a depth of 7.5 Mm in the convection zone up into the…
We compare the properties of kG magnetic structures in the solar network and in active region plage at high spatial resolution. Our analysis used six SP scans of the solar disc centre aboard Hinode SOT and inverted the obtained spectra of…
In this work, we focus in the magnetic evolution of a small region as seen by Hinode-SP during the time interval of about one hour. High-cadence LOS magnetograms and velocity maps were derived, allowing the study of different small-scale…
Observations of quiet Sun from the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter (SOT/SP) aboard the Hinode spacecraft would reveal the magnetic characters of the solar photosphere. By making use of the deep mode observations of three quiet…
Magnetic field emerges at the surface of the Sun as sunspots and active regions. This process generates a poloidal magnetic field from a rising toroidal flux tube, it is a crucial but poorly understood aspect of the solar dynamo. The…
Diagnosing the spatial-temporal pattern of magnetic flux on the Sun is vital for understanding the origin of solar magnetism and activity. Here, we report a new form of flux appearance, magnetic outbreak, using observations with an…
We study the emergence of magnetic flux at very small spatial scales (less than 2 arcsec) in the quiet Sun internetwork. To this aim, a time series of spectropolarimetric maps was taken at disk center using the instrument SP/SOT on board…
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections, the primary space weather disturbances affecting the entire heliosphere and near-Earth environment, mainly emanate from sunspot regions harbouring high degrees of magnetic twist. However, it is not…
We determine magnetic fields from the photosphere to the upper chromosphere combining data from the Hinode satellite and the CLASP2.1 sounding rocket experiment. CLASP2.1 provided polarization profiles of the Mg~{|sc ii} $h$ and $k$ lines,…
Using turbulent MHD simulations (magnetic Reynolds numbers up to 8000) and Hinode observations, we study effects of turbulence on measuring the solar magnetic field outside active regions. Firstly, from synthetic Stokes V profiles for the…
Using a 3D non-linear mean-field solar dynamo model, we investigate the magnetic helicity flux and magnetic twist, and tilt parameters of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) emerging from the solar convection zone due to the magnetic buoyancy…
We investigate the ratio of the vertical and horizontal velocities of the photospheric plasma flows in the region of emerging magnetic fields on the Sun. We carried out a study of photospheric velocities during the first hours of the…