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The enumeration of black hole entropy in candidate theories of quantum gravity utilises the quantum properties of microstates residing on the black hole horizon. For example, in Loop Quantum Gravity, the computation of entropy is based on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-27 Sahil Devdutt , Akriti Garg , Ayan Chatterjee

In 1974 Jacob Bekenstein has noticed that the area of the black hole behaves as adiabatic invariant and hence most likely must be quantized in integers of the Planckian area. In these notes I will present the arguments which led him and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 Viatcheslav Mukhanov

In this work, our aim is to link Bekenstein's quantized form of the area of the event horizon to the Hamiltonian of the non-Hermitian Swanson oscillator which is known to be $\mathbb{PT}$-symmetric. We achieve this by employing a similarity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Bijan Bagchi , Aritra Ghosh , Sauvik Sen

One of the challenges of today's theoretical physics is to fully understand the connection between a geometrical object like area and a thermostatistical one like entropy, since area behaves analogously like entropy. The Bekenstein bound…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Everton M. C. Abreu , Jorge Ananias Neto

An equidistant spectrum of the horizon area of a quantized black hole does not follow from the correspondence principle or from general statistical arguments. On the other hand, such a spectrum obtained in loop quantum gravity (LQG) either…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 I. B. Khriplovich

Beginning with Bekenstein, many authors have considered a uniformly spaced discrete quantum spectrum for black hole horizon area. It is also believed that the huge degeneracy of these area levels corresponds to the notion of black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Gilad Gour

A `black hole sector' of non-perturbative canonical quantum gravity is introduced. The quantum black hole degrees of freedom are shown to be described by a Chern-Simons field theory on the horizon. It is shown that the entropy of a large…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 A. Ashtekar , J. Baez , A. Corichi , K. Krasnov

We investigate the area spectrum of Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity via modified adiabatic invariant $I=\oint p_i d q_i$ and Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule. We find that the area spectrum is equally spaced with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-25 Jishnu Suresh , V C Kuriakose

We have shown that the dynamics of the scalar field $\phi (x)= ``G^{-1}(x)"$ in Brans-Dicke theories of gravity makes the surface area of the black hole horizon {\it oscillatory} during its dynamical evolution. It explicitly explains why…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Gungwon Kang

During the last years, one had to combine the proposal about how quasinormal frequencies are related with black holes and the proposal about the adiabatic invariance of black holes in order to derive the quantized entropy spectrum and its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-13 Bibhas Ranjan Majhi , Elias C. Vagenas

We quantize the Oppenheimer-Snyder model of black hole using the integral quantization method. We treat spatial and temporal coordinates on the same footing both at classical and quantum levels. Our quantization resolves or smears the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-30 A. Góźdź , J. J. Ostrowski , A. Pȩdrak , W. Piechocki

Motivated by the recent interest in quantization of black hole area spectrum, we consider the area spectrum of Kerr and extremal Kerr black holes. Based on the proposal by Bekenstein and others that the black hole area spectrum is discrete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Mohammad R. Setare , Elias C. Vagenas

The assimilation of a quantum (finite size) particle by a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole inevitably involves an increase in the black-hole surface area. It is shown that this increase can be minimized if one considers the capture of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Shahar Hod

The general boundary formulation of quantum field theory is applied to a massive scalar field in two dimensional Rindler space. The field is quantized according to both the Schr\"odinger-Feynman quantization prescription and the holomorphic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Daniele Colosi , Dennis Rätzel

Using the quasilocal properties alone we show that the area spectrum of a black hole horizon must be discrete, independent of any specific quantum theory of gravity. The area spectrum is found to be half-integer spaced with values $8\pi…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-31 Ayan Chatterjee , Amit Ghosh

In this Letter, we study black hole area quantization in the context of gravitational wave physics. It was recently argued that black hole area quantization could be a mechanism to produce so-called echoes as well as characteristic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-29 Andrew Coates , Sebastian H. Völkel , Kostas D. Kokkotas

We consider the possibility that the horizon area is expressed by the general area spectrum in loop quantum gravity and calculate the black hole entropy by counting the degrees of freedom in spin-network states related to its area. Although…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Tomo Tanaka , Takashi Tamaki

It is known that the entanglement entropy of a scalar field, found by tracing over its degrees of freedom inside a sphere of radius ${\cal R}$, is proportional to the area of the sphere (and not its volume). This suggests that the origin of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Morteza Ahmadi , Saurya Das , S. Shankaranarayanan

The relation between entropy and the area of the event horizon of a quantum blackhole in four dimensions is derived. The Reissner-Nordstrom metric for a non-rotating, charged black hole is shown to be modified by the addition of a new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-03 B. B. Deo , P. K. Jena

We study the effects of noncommutative spaces on the horizon, the area spectrum and Hawking temperature of a Schwarzschild black hole. The results show deviations from the usual horizon, area spectrum and the Hawking temperature. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Forough Nasseri