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The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with radar imaging sensors has revolutionized the monitoring of dynamic and local Earth surface processes by enabling high-resolution and cost-effective remote sensing. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Mohamed-Amine Lahmeri , Pouya Fakharizadeh , Víctor Mustieles-Pérez , Martin Vossiek , Gerhard Krieger , Robert Schober

The recognition or understanding of the scenes observed with a SAR system requires a broader range of cues, beyond the spatial context. These encompass but are not limited to: imaging geometry, imaging mode, properties of the Fourier…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Mihai Datcu , Zhongling Huang , Andrei Anghel , Juanping Zhao , Remus Cacoveanu

Conventional reference targets for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) calibration, such as corner reflectors and standard transponders, are often inherently large and suffer from limited viewing angles. This paper presents a novel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Oren Cohen , Moshe Vana

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), which searches for flat minima by min-max optimization, has been shown to be useful in improving model generalization. However, since each SAM update requires computing two gradients, its computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Weisen Jiang , Hansi Yang , Yu Zhang , James Kwok

This article is written to serve as an introduction and survey of imaging with synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The reader will benefit from having some familiarity with harmonic analysis, electromagnetic radiation, and inverse problems.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Toby Sanders , Christian Dwyer , Rodrigo B. Platte

To enhance the safety of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) navigating in restricted waters, this paper aims to develop a geometric analysis-based route safety assessment (GARSA) framework, specifically designed for their route…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Zilong Xu , Zihao Wang , He Li , Dingli Yu , Zaili Yang , Jin Wang

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Imaging methods are usually based on algorithms of match-filtering type, without considering the scene's characteristic, which causes limited imaging quality. Besides, post-processing steps…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Xu Zhan , Xiaoling Zhang , Shunjun Wei , Jun Shi

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting deployment in safety-critical applications such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR). Randomized smoothing improves robustness by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Daniel Brignac , Fengwei Tian , Banafsheh Latibari , Abhijit Mahalanobis , Ravi Tandon

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR), images are formed by focusing the response of stationary objects to a single spatial location. On the other hand, moving targets cause phase errors in the standard formation of SAR images that cause…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-20 Gregory E. Newstadt , Edmund G. Zelnio , Alfred O. Hero

The surge of massive antenna arrays in wireless networks calls for the adoption of analog/hybrid array solutions, where multiple antenna elements are driven by a common radio front end to form a beam along a specific angle in order to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Silvio Mandelli , Marcus Henninger , Jinfeng Du

In spite of astonishing advances and developments in remote sensing technologies, meeting the spatio-temporal requirements for flood hydrodynamic modeling remains a great challenge for Earth Observation. The assimilation of multi-source…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-09 Thanh Huy Nguyen , Sophie Ricci , Andrea Piacentini , Charlotte Emery , Raquel Rodriguez Suquet , Santiago Peña Luque

Statistically simulated time series of wave parameters are required for many coastal and offshore engineering applications, often at the resolution of approximately one hour. Various studies have relied on autoregressive moving-average…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-31 Wiebke S. Jäger , Thomas Nagler , Claudia Czado , Robert T. McCall

Power Doppler ultrasound is in widespread clinical use for non-invasive vascular imaging but the most common current method - Delay and Sum (DAS) beamforming - suffers from limited resolution and high side-lobes. Here we propose the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Matthieu Toulemonde , Cameron A. B. Smith , Kai Riemer , Priya Palanisamy , Jaideep Singh Rait , Laura Taylor , Peter D. Weinberg , Karina Cox , Meng-Xing Tang

Conventional radar feature extraction faces limitations due to low spatial resolution, noise, multipath reflection, the presence of ghost targets, and motion blur. Such limitations can be exacerbated by nonlinear object motion, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ryoma Yataka , Pu Perry Wang , Petros Boufounos , Ryuhei Takahashi

Deep unfolding networks have recently emerged as a promising approach for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. However, baseline unfolding networks, typically derived from iterative reconstruction algorithms such as the alternating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-27 Shiping Fu , Yufan Chen , Zhe Zhang , Xiaolan Qiu , Qixiang Ye

Simulating high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in complex scenes has consistently presented a significant research challenge. The development of a microwave-domain surface scattering model and its reversibility are poised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Jiangtao Wei , Yixiang Luomei , Xu Zhang , Feng Xu

Satellite altimetry is a unique way for direct observations of sea surface dynamics. This is however limited to the surface-constrained geostrophic component of sea surface velocities. Ageostrophic dynamics are however expected to be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-09 Ronan Fablet , Bertrand Chapron , Julien Le Sommer , Florian Sévellec

Optical remote sensing and Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) remote sensing are crucial for earth observation, offering complementary capabilities. While optical sensors provide high-quality images, they are limited by weather and lighting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Hannuo Zhang , Huihui Li , Jiarui Lin , Yujie Zhang , Jianghua Fan , Hang Liu

Accurate urban maps provide essential information to support sustainable urban development. Recent urban mapping methods use multi-modal deep neural networks to fuse Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical data. However, multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Sebastian Hafner , Yifang Ban , Andrea Nascetti

Automotive targets undergoing turns in road junctions offer large synthetic apertures over short dwell times to automotive radars that can be exploited for obtaining fine cross-range resolution. Likewise, the wide bandwidths of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Shobha Sundar Ram