Related papers: The pseudobulge of NGC 1292
We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out of disk gas. We call these pseudobulges.…
We present Ks-band surface photometry of NGC 7690 (Hubble type Sab) and NGC 4593 (SBb). We find that, in both galaxies, a major part of the "bulge" is as flat as the disk and has approximately the same color as the inner disk. In other…
In this paper we present the stellar population synthesis results for a sample of 75 bulges in isolated spiral Sb-Sc galaxies, using the spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the STARLIGHT code. We find that both…
Panchromatic spectral energy distribution (SED) from the ultraviolet (UV), optical to infrared (IR) photometry of NGC 628, combined with the evolutionary stellar population synthesis, is used to derive the spatially resolved age,…
Bulges are of different types, morphologies and kinematics, from pseudo-bulges, close to disk properties (Sersic index, rotation fraction, flatenning), to classical de Vaucouleurs bulges, close to elliptical galaxies. Secular evolution and…
Galaxy evolution is in transition from an early universe dominated by hierarchical clustering to a future dominated by secular processes. These result from interactions involving collective phenomena such as bars, oval disks, spiral…
We study the cosmological build-up of pseudobulges using the LGalaxies semi-analytical model for galaxy formation with a new approach for following separately the assembly of classical bulges and pseudobulges. Classical bulges are assumed…
We review internal secular evolution in galaxy disks -- the fundamental process by which isolated disks evolve. We concentrate on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly…
We examine the dependence of the fraction of galaxies containing pseudo bulges on environment for a flux limited sample of $\sim$5000 SDSS galaxies. We have separated bulges into classical and pseudo bulge categories based on their position…
Historically, galactic bulges are thought to be elliptical galaxy-like objects sitting in the middle of a generally larger disk. There are, however, more and more claims that some bulges are much more similar to disks. John Kormendy has…
The detailed dynamical structure of the bulge in the Milky Way is currently under debate. Although kinematics of the bulge stars can be well reproduced by a boxy-bulge, the possible existence of a small embedded classical bulge can not be…
We investigate the formation and evolution of the pseudobulge in "Eris", a high-resolution N-body + smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) cosmological simulation that successfully reproduces a Milky Way-like massive late-type spiral in a…
Updating Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603), we review internal secular evolution of galaxy disks. One consequence is the growth of pseudobulges that often are mistaken for true (merger-built) bulges. Many pseudobulges are…
We investigate scaling relations of bulges using bulge-disk decompositions at 3.6 micron and present bulge classifications for 173 E-Sd galaxies within 20 Mpc. Pseudobulges and classical bulges are identified using Sersic index, HST…
The secular evolution process, which slowly transforms the morphology of a galaxy over its lifetime, could naturally account for observed properties of the great majority of physical galaxies if both stellar and gaseous accretion processes…
The stellar populations in the bulges of S0s, together with the galaxies' dynamics, masses and globular clusters, contain very interesting clues about their formation. I present here recent evidence suggesting that S0s are the descendants…
We compare the photometric properties and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of classical and pseudo-bulge galaxies with $M_* \ge 10^{9.5} \rm M_{\odot}$ at $0.5\le z<1.0$, selected from all five CANDELS fields. We also compare these…
Bulges can be classified into classical and pseudobulges; the former are considered to be end products of galactic mergers and the latter to form via secular evolution of galactic disks. Observationally, bulges of disk galaxies are mostly…
In this review our aim is to summarize the observed properties of pseudobulges and classical bulges. We utilize an empirical approach to studying the properties of bulges in disk galaxies, and restrict our analysis to statistical proper-…
More than half of nearby disc galaxies have pseudobulges instead of classical bulges that are though to be end-products of galaxy mergers. Pseudobulges are presumed to develop overtime as a result of secular evolution of galaxy discs. We…