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Here we aim to separate the two main contributions of slow and fast solar wind that appear at 1 AU. The Bi-Gaussian function is proposed as the probability distribution function of the two main components of the solar wind. The positions of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-02 Carlos Larrodera , Consuelo Cid

We estimated photospheric velocities by separately applying the Fourier Local Correlation Tracking (FLCT) and Differential Affine Velocity Estimator (DAVE) methods to 2708 co-registered pairs of SOHO/MDI magnetograms, with nominal 96-minute…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 B. T. Welsch , Y. Li , P. W. Schuck , G. H. Fisher

Intermittency in fluid turbulence can be emphasized through the analysis of Probability Distribution Functions (PDF) for velocity fluctuations, which display a strong non-gaussian behavior at small scales. Castaing et al. (1990) have…

We assess the predictive capabilities of various classes of avalanche models for solar flares. We demonstrate that avalanche models cannot generally be used to predict specific events due to their high sensitivity to their embedded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Antoine Strugarek , Paul Charbonneau

Numerical simulation is used to analyze statistical characteristics of vortex beams propagating in the atmosphere. The cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of intensity fluctuations are compared for Gaussian…

Optics · Physics 2019-09-04 V. P. Aksenov , V. V. Dudorov , V. V. Kolosov

In isolated solar active regions, we find that the waiting times between flares correlate with flare magnitudes as determined by the GOES soft X-ray fluxes. A "build-up and release" scenario (BUR) for magnetic energy storage in the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hugh S. Hudson

In this work, we examine the association between solar active regions and 152 solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particle (SEP) events over solar cycles 23-24 (1997-2017). The CDAW center's GOES data in the energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-21 Raj Kumar , Ramesh Chandra , Bimal Pande , Seema Pande

Differential emission measures (DEMs) during the impulsive phase of solar flares were constructed using observations from the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) and the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo method. Emission lines from ions formed over the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Michael B. Kennedy , Ryan O. Milligan , Mihalis Mathioudakis , Francis P. Keenan

Solar flares result from the sudden release of energy deposited by sub-photospheric motions into the magnetic field of the corona. The deposited energy accumulates secularly between events. One may interpret the observed event statistics as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-17 Julian B. Carlin , Andrew Melatos , Michael S. Wheatland

We report multi-wavelength observations of four solar flares on 2014 July 07. We firstly select these flares according to the soft X-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions recorded by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Dong Li , Alexander Warmuth , Lei Lu , Zongjun Ning

Based on several magnetic nonpotentiality parameters obtained from the vector photospheric active region magnetograms obtained with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope at the Huairou Solar Observing Station over two solar cycles, a machine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-29 Xiao Yang , GangHua Lin , HongQi Zhang , XinJie Mao

The recent analysis of observations taken with the EIS instrument on Hinode suggests that well constrained measurements of the temperature distribution in solar active regions can finally be made. Such measurements are critical for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Harry P. Warren , Amy R. Winebarger , David H. Brooks

A solar active region (AR) may produce multiple notable flares during its passage across the solar disk. We investigate successive flares from flare-eruptive active regions, and explore their relationship with solar magnetic parameters. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-11 Hao Ran , Ying D. Liu , Yang Guo , Rui Wang

Temporal and spectral characteristics of X-ray emission from 60 flares of intensity $\ge$C class observed by Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) during 2003-2011 are presented. We analyse the X-ray emission observed in four and three energy…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Veena Choithani , Rajmal Jain , Arun Kumar Awasthi , Geetanjali Singh , Sneha Chaudhari , Som Kumar Sharma

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation, which occur due to a rapid destabilization and reconnection of the magnetic field. While pre-flare signatures and trends have been investigated from magnetic observations prior…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kara L. Kniezewski , Emily I. Mason , Daniel J. Emmons , Kyle E. Fitch , Seth H. Garland

Solar flares are highly energetic events that happen in the solar atmosphere. They are mostly observed as X-ray or gamma-ray bursts located on the Sun's surface. While they are known to be sites of particle acceleration, the acceleration…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-25 Jonathan Mauro , Gwenhaël de Wasseige

A statistical analysis of a large data set of H-alpha flares comprising almost 100000 single events that occurred during the period January 1975 to December 1999 is presented. We analyzed the flares evolution steps, i.e. duration, rise…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Temmer , A. Veronig , A. Hanslmeier , W. Otruba , M. Messerotti

We study the time evolution of Solar Flares activity by looking at the statistics of quiescent times $\tau_{L}$ between successive bursts. The analysis of 20 years of data reveals a power law distribution with exponent $\alpha \simeq 2.4$…

Solar flares are known to release a large amount of energy into accelerating electrons. Studying small timescale ($\leq$ 2s) fluctuations in nonthermal X-ray flux offers the opportunity to probe the nature of those acceleration mechanisms.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-11 Trevor Knuth , Lindsay Glesener

This paper contributes to the growing body of research on deep learning methods for solar flare prediction, primarily focusing on highly overlooked near-limb flares and utilizing the attribution methods to provide a post hoc qualitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Chetraj Pandey , Rafal A. Angryk , Berkay Aydin