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Particle methods are a ubiquitous tool for solving the Vlasov-Poisson equation in comoving coordinates, which is used to model the gravitational evolution of dark matter in an expanding universe. However, these methods are known to produce…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-12 Andrew Myers , Phillip Colella , Brian Van Straalen

A new approach to simulating warm and hot dense matter that combines density functional theory based calculations of the electronic structure to classical molecular dynamics simulations with pair interaction potentials is presented. The new…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 C. E. Starrett , J. Daligault , D. Saumon

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is widely used to model the self-consistent interaction between discrete particles and electromagnetic fields. It has been successfully applied to problems across plasma physics including plasma based…

Resonant scattering of energetic protons off magnetic irregularities is the main process in cosmic ray diffusion. The typical theoretical description uses Alfven waves in the low frequency limit. We demonstrate that the usage of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-09 Cedric Schreiner , Felix Spanier

We treat the accurate simulation of the calcination reaction in particles, where the particles are large and, thus, the inner-particle processes must be resolved. Because these processes need to be described with coupled partial…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-11-28 Lucas Reineking , Torben Bergold , Enric Illana , Viktor Scherer , Martin Mönnigmann

In order to perform physically faithful particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the Gauss's law stands as a critical requirement, since its violation often leads to catastrophic errors in long-term plasma simulations. This work proposes a novel…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Zhonghua Qiao , Zhenli Xu , Qian Yin , Shenggao Zhou

Three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used to investigate the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers ($> 10^{20}$ W/cm$^{-2}$) with matter at overcritical densities. Intense laser pulses are shown to penetrate up…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 F. Fiuza , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva , J. Tonge , J. May , W. B. Mori

We present the Photon-Plasma code, a modern high order charge conserving particle-in-cell code for simulating relativistic plasmas. The code is using a high order implicit field solver and a novel high order charge conserving interpolation…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Troels Haugboelle , Jacob Trier Frederiksen , Aake Nordlund

Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to perform computer simulations of a variety of physical systems, including fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, plasma wakefield particle accelerators, and secondary photon…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Edoardo Zoni , Remi Lehe , Olga Shapoval , Daniel Belkin , Neil Zaïm , Luca Fedeli , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay

We present an algorithm to simulate the many-body depletion interaction between anisotropic colloids in an implicit way, integrating out the degrees of freedom of the depletants, which we treat as an ideal gas. Because the depletant…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-08-31 Jens Glaser , Andrew S. Karas , Sharon C. Glotzer

Explicit structure-preserving geometric Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems is developed. The work reported represents a further development of the structure-preserving geometric PIC algorithm…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin

Immersed boundary methods simplify mesh generation by embedding the domain of interest into an extended domain that is easy to mesh, introducing the challenge of dealing with cells that intersect the domain boundary. Combined with explicit…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Christian Faßbender , Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Ernst Rank , Stefan Kollmannsberger

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used in relativistic particle beam and laser plasma modeling. However, the PIC method exhibits numerical instabilities that can render unphysical simulation results or even destroy the simulation.…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 M. D. Meyers , C. -K. Huang , Y. Zeng , S. A. Yi , B. J. Albright

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) methods employ particle representations of unknown fields, but also employ continuum fields for other parts of the problem. Thus projection between particle and continuum bases is required. Moreover, we often need to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Joseph V. Pusztay , Matthew G. Knepley , Mark F. Adams

A two-dimensional particle-in-cell code for simulation of low-frequency electromagnetic processes in laboratory plasmas has been developed. The code uses the Darwin method omitting the electromagnetic wave propagation. The Darwin method…

This paper formulates a new particle-in-cell method for the Vlasov-Maxwell system. Under the Lorenz gauge condition, Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields can be written as a collection of scalar and vector wave equations. The…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Andrew J. Christlieb , William A. Sands , Stephen White

In this paper, we present three-dimensional (3D) Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations to study the stability of 2D Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes in a magnetized plasma with a finite background magnetic field. The simulations were…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 M. T. Franciscovich , J. McClung , K. Germaschewski , C. S. Ng

The quasi-neutral hybrid particle-in-cell algorithm with kinetic ions and fluid electrons is a popular model to study multi-scale problems in laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasmas. Here, it is shown that the treatment of ions as…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 A. Stanier , L. Chacon , A. Le

Hybrid-kinetic simulations describe ion-scale kinetic phenomena in space plasmas by considering ions kinetically, i.e. as particles, while electrons are modelled as a fluid. Most of the existing hybrid-kinetic codes neglect the electron…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-07-04 Neeraj Jain , Patricio A. Muñoz , Jörg Büchner

The interaction of two lasers with a difference frequency near that of the ambient plasma frequency produces beat waves that can resonantly accelerate thermal electrons. These beat waves can be used to drive electron current and thereby…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 D. R. Welch , T. C. Genoni , C. Thoma , D. V. Rose , S. C. Hsu