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We study a linear inviscid model of a passively flexible swimmer, calculating its propulsive performance, eigenvalues, and eigenfunctions with an eye towards clarifying the relationship between efficiency and resonance. The frequencies of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-08-29 Daniel Floryan , Clarence W. Rowley

Contrary to microbial taxis, where a tactic response to external stimuli is controlled by complex chemical pathways acting like sensor-actuator loops, taxis of artificial microswimmers is a purely stochastic effect associated with a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-03-21 Alexander Geiseler , Peter Hänggi , Fabio Marchesoni

We investigate the dynamics of model microswimmers under confinement, in cylindrical geometries, by means of three dimensional direct numerical calculations with fully resolved hydrodynamics. Such swimmers are known to show collective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-09-26 Norihiro Oyama , John Jairo Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto

Populations of swimming microorganisms produce fluid motions that lead to dramatically enhanced diffusion of tracer particles. Using simulations of suspensions of swimming particles in a periodic domain, we capture this effect and show that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-07-22 Patrick T. Underhill , Juan P. Hernández-Ortiz , Michael D. Graham

Three-dimensional simulations with fully resolved hydrodynamics are performed to study the collective motion of model swimmers in confinement. We show that certain swimming mechanisms can lead to traveling wave-like collective motion even…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-04-20 Norihiro Oyama , John Jairo Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto

Few simulations exist for microswimmers near deformable interfaces. Here, we present numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic flows associated with a single microswimmer embedded in a binary fluid mixture. The two fluids demix, separated…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-24 Chao Feng , John J. Molina , Matthew S. Turner , Ryoichi Yamamoto

Most classical work on the hydrodynamics of low-Reynolds-number swimming addresses deterministic locomotion in quiescent environments. Thermal fluctuations in fluids are known to lead to a Brownian loss of the swimming direction. As most…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-06-18 Mario Sandoval , Navaneeth K. M. , Ganesh Subramanian , Eric Lauga

Self-propelled particles with hydrodynamic interactions (microswimmers) have previously been shown to produce long-range ordering phenomena. Many theoretical explanations for these collective phenomena are connected to instabilities in the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-03 Yuzhou Qian , Peter R. Kramer , Patrick T. Underhill

Self-propelled microparticles create flow fields that determine how they interact with surfaces, external flows, and each other. These flow fields fall into distinct classes--pushers, pullers, and neutral swimmers--each exhibiting…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-25 Lisa Rohde , Gordei Anchutkin , Viktor Holubec , Frank Cichos

The mechanism of swimming at very low Reynolds number conditions is a topic of interest to biologists and engineering community. We develop a novel kinematic model of a slender flexible swimmer which locomotes in a low Reynolds number…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Sudin Kadam , Ravi N. Banavar

Unlike macroscopic swimmers, microswimmers operate in a low-Reynolds-number regime dominated by viscous forces. This paper investigates the controllability of a magnetic microswimmer composed of a spherical magnetic head and an elastic,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Lucas Palazzolo , Mickaël Binois , Laëtitia Giraldi

A stiff one-armed swimmer in glycerine goes nowhere, but if its arm is elastic, exerting a restorative torque proportional to local curvature, the swimmer can go on its way. Considering this happy consequence and the principles of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 Chris H. Wiggins , Raymond E. Goldstein

Drag reduction by microbubbles is a promising engineering method for improving ship performance. A fundamental theory of the phenomenon is lacking however, making actual design quite uphazard. We offer here a theory of drag reduction by…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Victor S. L'vov , Anna Pomyalov , Itamar Procaccia , Vasil Tiberkevich

Microscopic self-propelled swimmers capable of autonomous navigation through complex environments provide appealing opportunities for localization, pick-up and delivery of micro-and nanoscopic objects. Inspired by motile cells and bacteria,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-05-07 W. Yang , V. R. Misko , K. Nelissen , M. Kong , F. M. Peeters

Self-propulsion of cellular microswimmers generates flow signatures, commonly classified as pusher- and puller-type, which characterize hydrodynamic interactions with other cells or boundaries. Using experimentally measured beat patterns,…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-20 Gary S. Klindt , Benjamin M. Friedrich

This work studies the motion of Purcell's three-link microswimmer in viscous flow, by using perturbation expansion of its dynamics under small-amplitude strokes. Leading-order expressions and next-order correction terms for the displacement…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-09-28 Oren Wiezel , Yizhar Or

Self-propelled particles can exhibit surprising non-equilibrium behaviors, and how they interact with obstacles or boundaries remains an important open problem. Here we show that chemically propelled micro-rods can be captured, with little…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-21 Daisuke Takagi , Jeremie Palacci , Adam B. Braunschweig , Michael J. Shelley , Jun Zhang

In several biologically relevant situations, cell locomotion occurs in polymeric fluids with Weissenberg {number} larger than one. Here we present results of three-dimensional numerical simulations for the steady locomotion of a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2012-12-03 Lailai ZHu , Minh Do-Quang , Eric Lauga , Luca Brandt

Micro-nano-robotic swimmers have promising potential for future biomedical tasks such as targeted drug delivery and minimally-invasive diagnosis. An efficient method for controlled actuation of such nano-swimmers is applying a rotating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-12 Zvi Chapnik , Yizhar Or

We use numerical simulations to address locomotion at zero Reynolds number in viscoelastic (Giesekus) fluids. The swimmers are assumed to be spherical, to self-propel using tangential surface deformation, and the computations are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-12 Lailai Zhu , Eric Lauga , Luca Brandt