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In the $\ell$-Coloring Problem, we are given a graph on $n$ nodes, and tasked with determining if its vertices can be properly colored using $\ell$ colors. In this paper we study below-guarantee graph coloring, which tests whether an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shyan Akmal , Tomohiro Koana

We study complexity measures on subsets of the boolean hypercube and exhibit connections between algebra (the Hilbert function) and combinatorics (VC theory). These connections yield results in both directions. Our main complexity-theoretic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-25 Shay Moran , Cyrus Rashtchian

We consider the problem of coloring a 3-colorable graph in polynomial time using as few colors as possible. This is one of the most challenging problems in graph algorithms. In this paper using Blum's notion of ``progress'', we develop a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Mikkel Thorup , Hirotaka Yoneda

The $k$-CombDMR problem is that of determining whether an $n \times n$ distance matrix can be realised by $n$ vertices in some undirected graph with $n + k$ vertices. This problem has a simple solution in the case $k=0$. In this paper we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-24 David L. Fairbairn , George B. Mertzios , Norbert Peyerimhoff

The $k$-Colouring problem is to decide if the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a fixed integer $k$ such that no two adjacent vertices are coloured alike. If each vertex u must be assigned a colour from a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tereza Klimošová , Josef Malík , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Novotná , Daniël Paulusma , Veronika Slívová

We investigate the List $H$-Coloring problem, the generalization of graph coloring that asks whether an input graph $G$ admits a homomorphism to the undirected graph $H$ (possibly with loops), such that each vertex $v \in V(G)$ is mapped to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Hubie Chen , Bart M. P. Jansen , Karolina Okrasa , Astrid Pieterse , Paweł Rzążewski

We present new generalizations of Olson's theorem and of a consequence of Alon's Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. These enable us to extend some of their combinatorial applications with conditions modulo primes to conditions modulo prime…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-19 László Varga

We consider the problem of coloring a 3-colorable graph in polynomial time using as few colors as possible. We present a combinatorial algorithm getting down to $\tO(n^{4/11})$ colors. This is the first combinatorial improvement of Blum's…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-08 Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Mikkel Thorup

The $3$-colourability problem is a well-known NP-complete problem and it remains NP-complete for $bull$-free graphs, where $bull$ is the graph consisting of $K_3$ with two pendant edges attached to two of its vertices. In this paper we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Nadzieja Hodur , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok , Ingo Schiermeyer

The main result of this paper is a coefficient formula that sharpens and generalizes Alon and Tarsi's Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, which provides some information about the polynomial map $P|_{\X_1\times...\times\X_n}$ when only…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-27 Uwe Schauz

This paper describes several new problems and ideas concerning algebraic geometry and complexity theory. It first uses the idea of coloring graphs with elements of finite fields. This procedure then shows that graph coloring problems can be…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Paul Hriljac

In this paper we resolve the complexity of the isomorphism problem on all but finitely many of the graph classes characterized by two forbidden induced subgraphs. To this end we develop new techniques applicable for the structural and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-11-10 Pascal Schweitzer

The combinatorial refinement techniques have proven to be an efficient approach to isomorphism testing for particular classes of graphs. If the number of refinement rounds is small, this puts the corresponding isomorphism problem in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Laurence Kluge

We present a new effective Nullstellensatz with bounds for the degrees which depend not only on the number of variables and on the degrees of the input polynomials but also on an additional parameter called the {\it geometric degree of the…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Martin Sombra

In this paper we investigate the colorful components framework, motivated by applications emerging from comparative genomics. The general goal is to remove a collection of edges from an undirected vertex-colored graph $G$ such that in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-07 Anna Adamaszek , Alexandru Popa

The design of a good algorithm to solve NP-hard combinatorial approximation problems requires specific domain knowledge about the problems and often needs a trial-and-error problem solving approach. Graph coloring is one of the essential…

A natural way of increasing our understanding of NP-complete graph problems is to restrict the input to a special graph class. Classes of $H$-free graphs, that is, graphs that do not contain some graph $H$ as an induced subgraph, have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Christoph Brause , Petr Golovach , Barnaby Martin , Daniël Paulusma , Siani Smith

We show that an effective version of Siegel's Theorem on finiteness of integer solutions and an application of elementary Galois theory are key ingredients in a complexity classification of some Holant problems. These Holant problems,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

A graph G is dually chordal if there is a spanning tree T of G such that any maximal clique of G induces a subtree in T. This paper investigates the Colourability problem on dually chordal graphs. It will show that it is NP-complete in case…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-11-14 Arne Leitert

In this paper, we show how one may (efficiently) construct two types of extremal combinatorial objects whose existence was previously conjectural. (*) Panchromatic Graphs: For fixed integer k, a k-panchromatic graph is, roughly speaking, a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Boris Bukh , Karthik C. S. , Bhargav Narayanan