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The random-order or secretary model is one of the most popular beyond-worst case model for online algorithms. While it avoids the pessimism of the traditional adversarial model, in practice we cannot expect the input to be presented in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Thomas Kesselheim , Marco Molinaro

Steinke (2025) recently asked the following intriguing open question: Can we solve the differentially private selection problem with nearly-optimal error by only (adaptively) invoking Gaussian mechanism on low-sensitivity queries? We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ethan Leeman , Pasin Manurangsi

We construct simulation-secure one-time memories (OTM) in the random oracle model, and present a plausible argument for their security against quantum adversaries with bounded and adaptive depth. Our contributions include: (1) A simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Lev Stambler

This paper describes a quantum algorithm for finding the maximum among N items. The classical method for the same problem takes O(N) steps because we need to compare two numbers in one step. This algorithm takes O(sqrt(N)) steps by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ashish Ahuja , Sanjiv Kapoor

We study memory-bounded algorithms for the $k$-secretary problem. The algorithm of Kleinberg (SODA 2005) achieves an optimal competitive ratio of $1 - O(1/\sqrt{k})$, yet a straightforward implementation requires $\Omega(k)$ memory. Our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Mingda Qiao , Wei Zhang

A random access code (RAC) encodes an $L$-bit string into a $k$-bit message, where $L>k$, such that any requested bit can be decoded with high probability; a quantum RAC (QRAC) replaces the message with $k$ qubits. This paper provides a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruho Kondo , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi Yano , Yota Maeda , Kosuke Ito , Naoki Yamamoto

We study the secure stochastic convex optimization problem. A learner aims to learn the optimal point of a convex function through sequentially querying a (stochastic) gradient oracle. In the meantime, there exists an adversary who aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Wei Tang , Chien-Ju Ho , Yang Liu

Consider the problem: we are given $n$ boxes, labeled $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ by an adversary, each containing a single number chosen from an unknown distribution; these $n$ distributions are not necessarily identical. We are also given an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mohammad Taghi Hajiaghayi , Dariusz R. Kowalski , Piotr Krysta , Jan Olkowski

Standard quantum key distribution protocols are provably secure against eavesdropping attacks, if quantum theory is correct. It is theoretically interesting to know if we need to assume the validity of quantum theory to prove the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jonathan Barrett , Lucien Hardy , Adrian Kent

A multi-party quantum key distribution protocol based on repetitive code is designed for the first time in this paper. First we establish a classical (t, n) threshold protocol which can authenticate the identity of the participants, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-22 Lei Li , Zhi Li

Given $\kappa$ databases of unstructured entries, we propose a quantum algorithm to find the common entries between those databases. The proposed algorithm requires $\mathcal{O}(\kappa \sqrt{N})$ queries to find the common entries, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Khaled El-Wazan

We consider online algorithms for the $k$-server problem on trees. Chrobak and Larmore proposed a $k$-competitive algorithm for this problem that has the optimal competitive ratio. However, a naive implementation of their algorithm has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Ruslan Kapralov , Kamil Khadiev , Joshua Mokut , Yixin Shen , Maxim Yagafarov

We prove that any exact quantum algorithm searching an ordered list of N elements requires more than \frac{1}{\pi}(\ln(N)-1) queries to the list. This improves upon the previously best known lower bound of {1/12}\log_2(N) - O(1). Our proof…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Hoyer , Jan Neerbek

We provide bounds on the efficiency of secure one-sided output two-party computation of arbitrary finite functions from trusted distributed randomness in the statistical case. From these results we derive bounds on the efficiency of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-09 Severin Winkler , Jürg Wullschleger

In their seminal paper that initiated the field of algorithmic mechanism design, \citet{NR99} studied the problem of designing strategyproof mechanisms for scheduling jobs on unrelated machines aiming to minimize the makespan. They provided…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Eric Balkanski , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Xizhi Tan

We examine a situation that $n$ eavesdroppers attack the Bennett-Brassard cryptographic protocol via their own optimal and symmetric strategies. Information gain and mutual information with sender for each eavesdropper are explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Eylee Jung , Mi-Ra Hwang , DaeKil Park , Hungsoo Kim , Eui-Soon Yim , Jin-Woo Son

In this paper, we study the distributed optimization problem using approximate first-order information. We suppose the agent can repeatedly call an inexact first-order oracle of each individual objective function and exchange information…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-26 Kui Zhu , Yichen Zhang , Yutao Tang

In the classic online graph balancing problem, edges arrive sequentially and must be oriented immediately upon arrival, to minimize the maximum in-degree. For adversarial arrivals, the natural greedy algorithm is $O(\log n)$-competitive,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nikhil Bansal , Milind Prabhu , Sahil Singla , Siddharth M. Sundaram

Quantum key agreement enables remote participants to fairly establish a secure shared key based on their private inputs. In the circular-type multiparty quantum key agreement mode, two or more malicious participants can collude together to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Hussein Abulkasim , Atefeh Mashatan , Shohini Ghose

The worst violation of Bell's inequality for $n$ qbits is of size $2^{\frac{n-1}{2}}$ and it is obtained by a specific operator acting on a specific state. We show, to the contrary, that for a vast majority of Bell operators the worst…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Itamar Pitowsky