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In these notes we present a detailed and complete scheme for the calculation of polarization phenomena in elastic electron-nucleon scattering. The longitudinal and transversal components of the polarization for the scattered nucleon,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michail P. Rekalo , Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson

We calculate hard spin-independent contributions to energy levels in muonium and positronium which are due to radiatively corrected electron factor insertion in two-photon exchange diagrams. Calculation of these corrections is motivated by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-16 Michael I. Eides , Valery A. Shelyuto

Measurements of the ratio of the proton elastic form factors ($\mu_pG_E/G_M$) using Rosenbluth separation and those using polarization-based techniques show a strong discrepancy, which has persisted both in modern experimental results and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-04-25 Brian S. Henderson

The corrections of two-photon exchange on deuteron electromagnetic form factors are estimated based on an effective Lagrangian approach. Numerical results for the form factors $G_{C,M,Q}$ of the deuteron with the corrections are compared to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-22 Yu Bing Dong

We look for asymmetries in the angular distributions of events from recent data on $e^+ +e^-\to p +\bar p +\gamma$ from BABAR collaboration. From first principles, as the C-invariance of the electromagnetic interaction and the crossing…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Tomasi-Gustafsson , E. A. Kuraev , S. Bakmaev , S. Pacetti

We evaluate the corrections of the two-photon exchange (TPE) process on the $\gamma^* N\Delta$ transition form factors. The contributions of the TPE process to the $eN\rightarrow e\Delta(1232)\rightarrow eN\pi$ are calculated in a hadronic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-12-06 Hai-Qing Zhou , Shin Nan Yang

We report calculations of QED corrections to the $g$ factor of Li-like ions induced by the exchange of two virtual photons between the electrons. The calculations are performed within QED theory to all orders in the nuclear binding strength…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 V. A. Yerokhin , C. H. Keitel , Z. Harman

The differential cross section and polarization observables for the elastic reaction induced by deuteron scattering off electrons at rest are calculated in the one-photon-exchange (Born) approximation. Specific attention is given to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-06 G. I. Gakh , M. I. Konchatni , N. P. Merenkov , E. Tomasi-Gustafsson , A. G. Gakh

The up-down asymmetry in transversally polarized electron proton scattering is induced by the interference between one and two photon exchange amplitudes. Inelastic intermediate hadronic states (different from one-proton state) of the two…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Kuraev , E. Tomasi-Gustafsson , S. Bakmaev , V. Bytev , Yu. Bystritskiy

The electron structure function method is applied to calculate model-independent radiative corrections to an asymmetry of electron-proton scattering. The representations for both spin-independent and spin-dependent parts of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 A. V. Afanasev , I. Akushevich , N. P. Merenkov

The study of protons, fundamental constituents of atomic nuclei, is crucial for understanding nuclear physics and fundamental forces. This review examines advancements in extracting electromagnetic form factors, essential for probing proton…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-02-25 Gerome A. Paterez , Jade C. Jusoy , Edmar Pantohan , Eulogio Auxtero

In this work, I improve on and extend to low and high $Q^2$ values the extractions of the $\varepsilon$ dependence of the real parts of the two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitudes relative to the magnetic form factor, as well as the ratio…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-25 I. A. Qattan

The discrepancy between polarized and unpolarized measurements of the proton's electromagnetic form factors is striking, and suggests that two-photon exchange (TPE) may be playing a larger role in elastic electron-proton scattering than is…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-06-13 Axel Schmidt

Measurements of the proton's form factor ratio made with polarization transfer show a striking discrepancy relative to the ratio extracted from unpolarized elastic electron-proton scattering cross sections. One hypothesis is that the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-11-16 Axel Schmidt

The ratio of the squares of the electric and magnetic proton form factors is shown to be proportional to the ratio of the cross sections for the elastic scattering of an unpolarized electron on a partially polarized proton with and without…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-03-12 M. V. Galynskii , E. A. Kuraev , Yu. M. Bystritskiy

We calculate the contribution from the two-photon exchange on the neutron to the hyperfine splitting of S energy levels. We update the value of the neutron Zemach radius, estimate total recoil and polarizability corrections. The resulting…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-04-03 Oleksandr Tomalak

The details of the calculation of the two-boson exchange effects in the parity-violating elastic $ep$ scattering within a simple hadronic model, including both the nucleon and $\Delta(1232)$-resonance intermediate states, are presented. We…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-14 Hai Qing Zhou , Chung Wen Kao , Shin Nan Yang , Keitaro Nagata

We calculate contributions of hadron resonances to two-photon exchange effects in electron-proton scattering. In addition to the nucleon and P33 resonance, the following heavier resonances are included as intermediate states in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Kondratyuk , P. G. Blunden

We consider the radiative corrections to the impact factors of electron and photon. According to a generalized eikonal representation the e\bar e scattering amplitude at high energies and fixed momentum transfers is proportional to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 E. A. Kuraev , L. N. Lipatov , T. V. Shishkina