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We give a pedagogical introduction to heavy quarkonia -- bound states of a heavy quark and its antiquark (e.g., charmonium $c\bar{c}$, bottomonium $b\bar{b}$) -- as well as to the exotic hadrons containing two heavy quarks that have been…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-08-29 Yuping Guo , Chang-Zheng Yuan

Crosscorrelation structures in the Green function retrieval by crosscorrelating wavefields are revealed using rigorous mathematical theory on integral equations. The previous practice on extracting the Green function by crosscorrelating the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-10-07 Yingcai Zheng

We calculate the Green function for the Dirac equation describing a spin 1/2 particle in the presence of a potential which is a sum of the Coulomb potential V_C=-A_1/r and a Lorentz scalar potential V_S=-A_2/r. The bound state spectrum is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Arvind Narayan Vaidya , Luiz Eduardo Silva Souza

We use a color-magnetic interaction model (CMIM), a traditional constituent quark model (CQM) and a multiquark color flux-tube model (MCFTM) to systematically investigate the properties of the states $[Q_1Q_2][\bar{Q}_3\bar{Q}_4]$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-13 Chengrong Deng , Hong Chen , Jialun Ping

Within the framework of the quark model and the variational method, the bound states of four heavy quarks (tetraquarks) are investigated. The basis variational wave functions are chosen in the Gaussian form. The matrix elements of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-19 A. V. Eskin , A. P. Martynenko , F. A. Martynenko

Let $L$ be a second-order, homogeneous, constant (complex) coefficient elliptic system in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. The goal of this article is provide a qualitative and quantitative study of the nature of the Green function associated with the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Martin Dindoš , Dorina Mitrea , Irina Mitrea , Marius Mitrea

We derive equations of motion for higher order density response functions using the theory of thermodynamic Green's functions. We also derive expressions for the higher order generalized dielectric functions and polarization functions.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-04 Jan Vorberger , Tobias Dornheim , Maximilian P. Böhme , Zhandos Moldabekov , Panagiotis Tolias

We employ the Boltzmann equation for describing hadron production from a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We propose resonance formation in quark-antiquark scattering as the dominant meson-production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Ravagli , R. Rapp

Resonance states of a two-electron quantum dot are studied using a variational expansion with both real basis-set functions and complex scaling methods. We present numerical evidence about the critical behavior of the density of states in…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-08-26 Federico M. Pont , Omar Osenda , Pablo Serra

We show how a fine, multiple-peak structure can arise in the off-resonance, zero-bias conductance of Coulomb blockade systems. In order to understand how this effect comes about one must abandon the orthodox, mean-field understanding of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 J. J. Palacios , Lerwen Liu , D. Yoshioka

We use the Dirac equation to study the mass spectrum of mesons with heavy-light quark combinations. First we study the Dirac equation with spherically symmetry and funnel potential, and apply them on the hydrogen-like atom problem to check…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-11-24 B. Pan

We explicitly calculate the Green functions describing quantum changes of topology in Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Universes whose spacelike sections are compact but endowed with distinct topologies. The calculations are performed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-02-03 Jerome Martin , Nelson Pinto-Neto , Ivano Damiao Soares

We establish quantitative Green's function estimates for a class of quasi-periodic (QP) operators on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with certain slowly decaying long-range hopping and analytic cosine type potentials. As applications, we prove the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Li Wen , Yuan Wu

A comprehensive study of the $S$-wave heavy tetraquark states with identical quarks and antiquarks, specifically $QQ{\bar Q'}\bar Q'$ ($Q, Q'=c,b$), $QQ\bar s\bar s$/$\bar Q\bar Q ss$, and $QQ\bar q\bar q$/$\bar Q\bar Q qq$ ($q=u,d$), are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-02 Qi Meng , Guang-Juan Wang , Makoto Oka

The masses and vertex functions of heavy and heavy-light mesons, described as quark-antiquark bound states, are calculated with the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST). We use a kernel with an adjustable mixture of Lorentz scalar,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-04 Alfred Stadler , Sofia Leitão , M. T. Peña , Elmar P. Biernat

The complex scaling method (CSM) is one of the most powerful methods of describing the resonances with complex energy eigenstates, based on non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. We present the basic application of CSM to the properties of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-12-22 Takayuki Myo , Kiyoshi Kato

The relativistic mean field theory with the Green's function method is taken to study the single-particle resonant states. Different from our previous work [Phys.Rev.C 90,054321(2014)], the resonant states are identified by searching for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Cheng Chen , Zhi Pan Li , Yu Xiao Li , Ting-Ting Sun

Bound states of heavy $\bar{q}q$ quarks are reviewed within the context of QCD. First of all, we consider the calculations which can be performed {\sl ab initio}, which includes $\bar{t}t$ with principal quantum number $n$ up to four,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. J. Yndurain

In the framework of the relativistic quasipotential quark model the mass spectrum of baryons with two heavy quarks is calculated. The quasipotentials for interactions of two quarks and of a quark with a scalar and axial vector diquark are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Ebert , R. N. Faustov , V. O. Galkin , A. P. Martynenko , V. A. Saleev

In many models of physics beyond the Standard Model the coupling of new states to third generation quarks is enhanced. A review is presented of searches by the CMS collaboration for heavy particles decaying to final states involving top…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Roman Kogler