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In contrast to the spatial Bell's inequalities, which probe entanglement between spatially-separated systems, the Leggett-Garg inequalities test the correlations of a single system measured at different times. Violation of a genuine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-31 Clive Emary , Neill Lambert , Franco Nori

Bipartite quantum entangled systems can exhibit measurement correlations that violate Bell inequalities, revealing the profoundly counter-intuitive nature of the physical universe. These correlations reflect the impossibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-02 B. L. Higgins , M. S. Palsson , G. Y. Xiang , H. M. Wiseman , G. J. Pryde

Bell nonlocality is the resource that enables device-independent quantum information processing tasks. It is revealed through the violation of so-called Bell inequalities, indicating that the observed correlations cannot be reproduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Patrick Emonts , Mengyao Hu , Albert Aloy , Jordi Tura

Bell nonlocality between distant quantum systems---i.e., joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality---can be verified without trusting the measurement devices used, nor those performing the measurements. This leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-16 Sacha Kocsis , Michael J. W. Hall , Adam J. Bennet , Dylan J. Saunders , G. J. Pryde

Quantum correlations between spatially separated parts of a $d$-dimensional bipartite system ($d\geq 2$) have no classical analog. Such correlations, also called entanglements, are not only conceptually important, but also have a profound…

It is an established fact that entanglement is a resource. Sharing an entangled state leads to non-local correlations and to violations of Bell inequalities. Such non-local correlations illustrate the advantage of quantum resources over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 P. Joshi , K. Horodecki , M. Horodecki , P. Horodecki , R. Horodecki , Ben Li , S. J. Szarek , T. Szarek

Correlations that violate a Bell Inequality are said to be nonlocal, i.e. they do not admit a local and deterministic explanation. Great effort has been devoted to study how the amount of nonlocality (as measured by a Bell inequality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Gonzalo de la Torre , Matty J. Hoban , Chirag Dhara , Giuseppe Prettico , Antonio Acín

An active area of research in the fields of machine learning and statistics is the development of causal discovery algorithms, the purpose of which is to infer the causal relations that hold among a set of variables from the correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-10 Christopher J. Wood , Robert W. Spekkens

Bell's theorem depends crucially on counterfactual reasoning, and is mistakenly interpreted as ruling out a local explanation for the correlations which can be observed between the results of measurements performed on spatially-separated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark A. Rubin

It is demonstrated that hidden variables of a certain type follow logically from a certain local causality requirement (``Bell Locality'') and the empirically well-supported predictions of quantum theory for the standard EPR-Bell setup. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Travis Norsen

If Nature allowed nonlocal correlations other than those predicted by quantum mechanics, would that contradict some physical principle? Various approaches have been put forward in the past two decades in an attempt to single out quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-19 Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen

Bell non-locality is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics whereby measurements performed on "spatially separated" quantum systems can exhibit correlations that cannot be understood as revealing predetermined values. This is a special…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Atul Singh Arora , Kishor Bharti , Alexandru Cojocaru , Andrea Coladangelo

We show that correlations inconsistent with any locally causal description can be a generic feature of measurements on entangled quantum states. Specifically, spatially-separated parties who perform local measurements on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Nicholas Harrigan , Stephen D. Bartlett , Terry Rudolph

Quantum correlations exhibit behaviour that cannot be resolved with a local hidden variable picture of the world. In quantum information, they are also used as resources for information processing tasks, such as Measurement-based Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-10 Matty J. Hoban , Earl T. Campbell , Klearchos Loukopoulos , Dan E. Browne

Bell inequalities are natural tools that allow one to certify the presence of nonlocality in quantum systems. The known constructions of multipartite Bell inequalities contain, however, correlation functions involving all observers, making…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 J. Tura , A. B. Sainz , T. Vértesi , A. Acín , M. Lewenstein , R. Augusiak

Bell inequality violation is the phenomenon where multiple non-communicating parties can exhibit correlations using quantum resources that are impossible if they can only use classical resources. One way to enforce non-communication is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Dawei Ding , Zhengfeng Ji , Pierre Pocreau , Mingze Xu , Xinyu Xu

Device-independent quantum key distribution allows for proving the security of a shared cryptographic key between two distant parties with potentially untrusted devices. The security proof is based on the measurement outcome statistics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-23 Máté Farkas

The strength of classical correlations is subject to certain constraints, commonly known as Bell inequalities. Violation of these inequalities is the manifestation of nonlocality---displayed, in particular, by quantum mechanics, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 R. Augusiak , J. Stasińska , C. Hadley , J. K. Korbicz , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

It is well-known that in a Bell experiment, the observed correlation between measurement outcomes -- as predicted by quantum theory -- can be stronger than that allowed by local causality, yet not fully constrained by the principle of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-15 Pei-Sheng Lin , Tamás Vértesi , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Quantum nonlocality as a witness of entanglement plays a crucial role in various fields. Existing quantum monogamy relations rule out the possibility of simultaneous violations of any Bell inequalities with partial statistics generated from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Yan-Han Yang , Xin-Zhu Liu , Xing-Zhou Zheng , Shao-Ming Fei , Ming-Xing Luo