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The Bloch sphere is a familiar and useful geometrical picture of the dynamics of a single spin or two-level system's quantum evolution. The analogous geometrical picture for three-level systems is presented, with several applications. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-28 Sai Vinjanampathy , A. R. P. Rau

We present a novel method to study the Bloch space of the qutrit system by examining the Bloch trajectories in it. Since such system is inherently a three-level quantum system, therefore we use the SU(3) group as the basis group to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Surajit Sen , Tushar Kanti Dey

As is well known, when an SU(2) operation acts on a two-level system, its Bloch vector rotates without change of magnitude. Considering a system composed of two two-level systems, it is proven that for a class of nonlocal interactions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Mandilara , J. W. Clark , M. S. Byrd

The spinor representation of spin-1/2 states can equally well be mapped to a single unit quaternion, yielding a new perspective despite the equivalent mathematics. This paper first demonstrates a useable map that allows Bloch-sphere…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 K. B. Wharton , D. Koch

Geometric algebra is a mathematical structure that is inherent in any metric vector space, and defined by the requirement that the metric tensor is given by the scalar part of the product of vectors. It provides a natural framework in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Timothy F. Havel , Chris J. L. Doran

The two-qubit pure state is explicitly parameterized by three unit 2-spheres and a phase factor. For separable states, two of the three unit spheres are the Bloch spheres of each qubit. The third sphere parameterizes the degree and phase of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Chu-Ryang Wie

The time evolution of a two-level quantum mechanical system can be geometrically described using the Bloch sphere. By mapping the Bloch sphere evolution onto the dynamics of oscillating electric dipoles, we provide a physically intuitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Amar C. Vutha

The symmetry SU(2) and its geometric Bloch Sphere rendering are familiar for a qubit (spin-1/2) but extension of symmetries and geometries have been investigated far less for multiple qubits, even just a pair of them, that are central to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 A. R. P. Rau

We map neutrinos to qubit and qutrit states of quantum information theory by constructing the Poincar\'e sphere using SU(2) Pauli matrices and SU(3) Gell-Mann matrices, respectively. The construction of the Poincar\'e sphere in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-31 Abhishek Kumar Jha , Akshay Chatla , Bindu A. Bambah

Geometric Phase in Quantum Mechanics is generally formulated entirely in terms of geometric structure of the Complex Hilbert Space. We will exploit this fact in case of mixed states for three level open systems undergoing depolarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Abhirup Chatterjee , Sobhan Kumar Sounda

This paper provides a short introduction to the mathematical foundation of quantum computation for researchers in computer science by providing an introduction fo the mathematical basis of calculations. This paper concerns the mathematical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Gérard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

We have given a novel formulation of the exact solutions for the lambda, vee and cascade three-level systems where the Hamiltonian of each configuration is expressed in the SU(3) basis. The solutions are discussed from the perspective of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-27 Surajit Sen , Mihir Ranjan Nath , Tushar Kanti Dey , Gautam Gangopadhyay

As physical systems, qubits must evolve from input to output state. We describe a simple scheme in which the effect of a quantum gate is described by the action of an effective Hamiltonian acting for some characteristic time. This model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 M. P. Vaughan

We extend Bloch Sphere formalism to pure two qubit systems. Combining insights from Geometric Algebra and analysis of entanglement in different conjugate bases we identify Two Bloch Sphere geometry that is suitable for representing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Stanislav Filatov , Marcis Auzinsh

Physical constraints such as positivity endow the set of quantum states with a rich geometry if the system dimension is greater than two. To shed some light on the complicated structure of the set of quantum states, we consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. G. Schirmer , T. Zhang , J. V. Leahy

This paper investigates the rotational dynamics on the higher-order Poincar\'e sphere with the use of $q$-plate by exploring three key aspects: the topological condition, the global-local rotation, and the SU(2) polarization evolution on…

Optics · Physics 2025-06-26 Mohammad Umar , P. Senthilkumaran

The spinorial ball is an electronic manipulable device that we recently introduced to discuss the origin of spin-1/2 from rotations group representation, without relying on the quantum mechanics framework. Nevertheless, it is also a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Samuel Bernard-Bernardet , Benjamin Apffel

We study an analogous Bloch sphere representation of higher-level quantum systems using the Heisenberg-Weyl operator basis. We introduce a parametrization method that will allow us to identify a real-valued Bloch vector for an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Gautam Sharma , Sibasish Ghosh , Sk Sazim

We discuss a generalization to 2 qubits of the standard Bloch sphere representation for a single qubit, in the framework of Hopf fibrations of high dimensional spheres by lower dimensional spheres. The single qubit Hilbert space is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Mosseri , R. Dandoloff

We present a surprisingly simple three-dimensional Bloch sphere representation of a qutrit, i.e., a single three-level quantum system. We start with a symmetric state of a two-qubit system and relate it to the spin-1 representation. Using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-04 Pawel Kurzynski , Adrian Kolodziejski , Wieslaw Laskowski , Marcin Markiewicz
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