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The book is designed for a semester-long course in Foundations of Geometry and meant to be rigorous, conservative, elementary and minimalist. List of topics: Euclidean geometry: The Axioms / Half-planes / Congruent triangles / Perpendicular…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Anton Petrunin

Diffeology extends differential geometry to spaces beyond smooth manifolds. This paper explores diffeology's key features and illustrates its utility with examples including singular and quotient spaces, and applications in symplectic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour

Differential algebraic geometry seeks to extend the results of its algebraic counterpart to objects defined by differential equations. Many notions, such as that of a projective algebraic variety, have close differential analogues but their…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-14 William D. Simmons

In this paper we introduce and investigate a new kind of functional (including ordinary and evolutionary partial) differential equations. The main goal of this paper is to explore our new philosophy by some examples on functional ODEs and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-02-14 De-Xing Kong , Cheng Zhang

This is a chapter of a forthcoming Lecture Notes in Mathematics "Modern Approaches to Discrete Curvature" edited by L. Najman and P. Romon. It provides a survey on geometric and spectral consequences of curvature bounds. The geometric…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Matthias Keller

I give a short review of the theory of twisted symmetries of differential equations, emphasizing geometrical aspects. Some open problems are also mentioned.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Giuseppe Gaeta

Universal geometric calculus simplifies and unifies the structure and notation of mathematics for all of science and engineering, and for technological applications. This paper treats the fundamentals of the multivector differential…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-06-11 Eckhard Hitzer

This paper aims at setting out the basics of $\mathbb{Z}$-graded manifolds theory. We introduce $\mathbb{Z}$-graded manifolds from local models and give some of their properties. The requirement to work with a completed graded symmetric…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-03-29 Maxime Fairon

These lecture notes aim to present some of the ideas behind the recent (conditional) existence and (weak-strong) uniqueness theory for mean curvature flow. Focusing on the simplest case of the evolution of a single closed hypersurface…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Tim Laux

This monograph, written for educational purposes, serves as an introduction to the concept of integrability as it applies to systems of differential equations (both ordinary and partial) as well as to vector-valued fields. The general cases…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-10-11 C. J. Papachristou

Given an algebra $A$ over a differential field $K$, we study derivations on $A$ that are compatible with the derivation on $K$. There is a universal object, which is a twisted version of the usual module of differentials, and we establish…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eric Rosen

The paper is a survey of some results about Weil algebras applicable in differential geometry, especially in some classification questions on bundles of generalized velocities and contact elements. Mainly, a number of claims concerning a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-11-11 Miroslav Kureš

One considers geometry with the intransitive equaivalence relation. Such a geometry is a physical geometry, i.e. it is described completely by the world function, which is a half of the squared distance function. The physical geometry…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-03-30 Yuri A. Rylov

Differentiable physics provides a new approach for modeling and understanding the physical systems by pairing the new technology of differentiable programming with classical numerical methods for physical simulation. We survey the rapidly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Bharath Ramsundar , Dilip Krishnamurthy , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

A dilatation structure is a concept in between a group and a differential structure. In this article we study fundamental properties of dilatation structures on metric spaces. This is a part of a series of papers which show that such a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-18 Marius Buliga

In this article, we briefly describe various tools and approaches that algebraic geometry has to offer to straighten bent objects. Throughout this article we will consider a specific example of a bent or curved piece of paper which in our…

Graphics · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Sasikanth Raghava Goteti

In the conventional formulation of general relativity, gravity is represented by the metric curvature of Riemannian geometry. There are also alternative formulations in flat affine geometries, wherein the gravitational dynamics is instead…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-14 Muzaffer Adak , Tekin Dereli , Tomi S. Koivisto , Caglar Pala

This book is mainly an exposition of the author's works and his joint works with his former students on explicit representations of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras, related partial differential equations, linear orthogonal algebraic…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-29 Xiaoping Xu

Notes prepared for the introductory general relativity course PHYSICS 748 at The University of Auckland. They are designed to introduce general relativity to upper-year undergraduate students directly using the modern language of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-12 Peter Hayman

A piecewise constant curvature manifold is a triangulated manifold that is assigned a geometry by specifying lengths of edges and stipulating that for a chosen background geometry (Euclidean, hyperbolic, or spherical), each simplex has an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-07-29 David Glickenstein , Joseph Thomas