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In this article, we study the origin of precursor flare activity and investigate its role towards triggering the eruption of a flux rope which resulted into a dual-peak M-class flare (SOL2015-06-21T02:36) in the active region NOAA 12371.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Prabir K. Mitra , Bhuwan Joshi , Avijeet Prasad

We investigate triggering, activation, and ejection of a solar eruptive prominence that occurred in a multi-polar flux system of active region NOAA 11548 on 2012 August 18 by analyzing data from AIA on board SDO, RHESSI, and EUVI/SECCHI on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Bhuwan Joshi , Upendra Kushwaha , Astrid Veronig , Kyung-Suk Cho

Solar flares are sudden flashes of brightness on the Sun and are often associated with coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particles which have adverse effects in the near Earth environment. By definition, flares are usually referred…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 Yan Xu , Wenda Cao , Mingde Ding , Lucia Kleint , Jiangtao Su , Chang Liu , Haisheng Ji , Jongchul Chae , Ju Jing , Kyuhyoun Cho , Kyungsuk Cho , Dale Gary , Haimin Wang

Two X-class solar flares occurred on 2017 September 6 from active region NOAA 12673: the first one is a confined X2.2 flare, and it is followed only $\sim 3$ hours later by the second one, which is the strongest flare in solar cycle 24,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-19 Peng Zou , Chaowei Jiang , Fengsi Wei , Xueshang Feng , Pingbing Zuo , Yi Wang

We present a clear case study on the occurrence of two successive X-class flares including a decade-class flare (X9.3) and two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) triggered by shearing motion and sunspot rotation in active region NOAA 12673 on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 X. L. Yan , J. C. Wang , G. M. Pan , D. F. Kong , Z. K. Xue , L. H. Yang , Q. L. Li , X. S. Feng

The extreme solar and SEP event of 20 January 2005 is analyzed from two perspectives. Firstly, we study features of the main phase of the flare, when the strongest emissions from microwaves up to 200 MeV gamma-rays were observed. Secondly,…

We report high-resolution observations at mid-infrared wavelengths of a minor solar flare, SOL2014-09-24T17T17:50 (C7.0), using Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) cameras at an auxiliary of the McMath-Pierce telescope. The flare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 M Penn , S Krucker , H Hudson , M Jhabvala , D Jennings , A Lunsford , P Kaufmann

The chromospheric response to the input of flare energy is marked by extended extreme ultraviolet (EUV) ribbons and hard X-ray (HXR) footpoints. These are usually explained as the result of heating and bremsstrahlung emission from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 Paulo J. A. Simões , David R. Graham , Lyndsay Fletcher

We present observations of an M5.7 white-light flare (WLF) associated with a small filament eruption in NOAA active region 11476 on 2012 May 10. During this flare, a circular flare ribbon appeared in the east and a remote brightening…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Y. L. Song , Y. Guo , H. Tian , X. S. Zhu , M. Zhang , Y. J. Zhu

The hard X-ray emission in a solar flare is typically characterized by a number of discrete sources, each with its own spectral, temporal, and spatial variability. Establishing the relationship amongst these sources is critical to determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-08 Federica Sciacchitano , Alberto Sorrentino , A Gordon Emslie , Anna Maria Massone , Michele Piana

A common feature of electromagnetic emission from solar flares is the presence of intensity pulsations that vary as a function of time. Known as quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs), these variations in flux appear to include periodic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-14 Brendan P. Clarke , Laura A. Hayes , Peter T. Gallagher , Shane A. Maloney , Eoin P. Carley

Observations of the quiet solar corona in the 171A (~1MK) passband of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) often show disruptions of the coronal part of small-scale ephemeral bipolar regions that resemble the phenomena…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Carolus J. Schrijver

We report the intriguing large-scale dynamic phenomena associated with the M6.5 flare~(SOL2015-06-22T18:23) in NOAA active region 12371, observed by RHESSI, Fermi, and the Atmospheric Image Assembly (AIA) and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Ju Jing , Rui Liu , Mark C. M. Cheung , Jeongwoo Lee , Yan Xu , Chang Liu , Chunming Zhu , Haimin Wang

The dynamics of magnetic fields in the Sun's active regions plays a key role in triggering solar eruptions. Studies have shown that changes in the photosphere's magnetic field can destabilize large-scale structure of the corona, leading to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-25 Partha Chowdhury , Belur Ravindra , Sanjiv Kumar Tiwari

There are very few reports of flare signatures in the solar irradiance at H i Lyman {\alpha} at 121.5 nm, i.e. the strongest line of the solar spectrum. The LYRA radiometer onboard PROBA2 has observed several flares for which unambiguous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 M. Kretzschmar , M. Dominique , I. E. Dammasch

The solar active region NOAA 11158 produced a series of flares during its passage through the solar disk. The first major flare (of class X2.2) of the current solar cycle occurred in this active region on 2011 February 15 around 01:50 UT.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 A. Raja Bayanna , Brajesh Kumar , P. Venkatakrishnan , Shibu K Mathew , B. Ravindra , Savita Mathur , R. A. Garcia

Between 2017 and 2024, the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory has observed numerous white-light solar flares (WLFs). HMI spectro-polarimetric observations of certain WLFs, in particular the X9.3…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Samuel Granovsky , Alexander G. Kosovichev , Viacheslav M. Sadykov , Graham S. Kerr , Joel C. Allred

We report multi-wavelength observations of four solar flares on 2014 July 07. We firstly select these flares according to the soft X-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions recorded by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Dong Li , Alexander Warmuth , Lei Lu , Zongjun Ning

The 2014 March 29 X1 solar flare (SOL20140329T17:48) produced bright continuum emission in the far- and near-ultraviolet (NUV) and highly asymmetric chromospheric emission lines, providing long-sought constraints on the heating mechanisms…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-17 Adam F. Kowalski , Joel C. Allred , Adrian N. Daw , Gianna Cauzzi , Mats Carlsson

Strong solar flares and coronal mass ejections, here defined not only as the bursts of electromagnetic radiation but as the entire process in which magnetic energy is released through magnetic reconnection and plasma instability, emanate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 Shin Toriumi , Haimin Wang