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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular tool for linear dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. Kernel PCA is the nonlinear form of PCA, which better exploits the complicated spatial structure of high-dimensional features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Quan Wang

Dimensionality reduction is a crucial step for pattern recognition and data mining tasks to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a traditional technique for unsupervised dimensionality reduction, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Zan Gao , Guotai Zhang , Feiping Nie , Hua Zhang

Dimension reduction and visualization is a staple of data analytics. Methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) provide low dimensional (LD) projections of high dimensional (HD) data while…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-21 J. T. Fry , Matt Slifko , Scotland Leman

Autoencoders (AE) provide a useful method for nonlinear dimensionality reduction but are ill-suited for low data regimes. Conversely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is data-efficient but is limited to linear dimensionality reduction,…

Linear dimensionality reduction techniques, notably principal component analysis, are widely used in climate data analysis as a means to aid in the interpretation of datasets of high dimensionality. These linear methods may not be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Ian Ross

In many physical, statistical, biological and other investigations it is desirable to approximate a system of points by objects of lower dimension and/or complexity. For this purpose, Karl Pearson invented principal component analysis in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-05-10 A. N. Gorban , A. Y. Zinovyev

Principal component analysis (PCA) represents a standard approach to identify collective variables $\{x_i\}\!=\!\boldsymbol{x}$, which can be used to construct the free energy landscape $\Delta G(\boldsymbol{x})$ of a molecular system.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-30 Matthias Post , Steffen Wolf , Gerhard Stock

In order to process efficiently ever-higher dimensional data such as images, sentences, or audio recordings, one needs to find a proper way to reduce the dimensionality of such data. In this regard, SVD-based methods including PCA and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Quentin Fournier , Daniel Aloise

There has been an intense recent activity in embedding of very high dimensional and nonlinear data structures, much of it in the data science and machine learning literature. We survey this activity in four parts. In the first part we cover…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-01 Dag Tjøstheim , Martin Jullum , Anders Løland

Neighbor embedding is widely employed to visualize high-dimensional data; however, it frequently overlooks the global structure, e.g., intercluster similarities, thereby impeding accurate visualization. To address this problem, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Koshi Watanabe , Keisuke Maeda , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama

Manifold learning is a hot research topic in the field of computer science and has many applications in the real world. A main drawback of manifold learning methods is, however, that there is no explicit mappings from the input data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-01-18 Hong Qiao , Peng Zhang , Di Wang , Bo Zhang

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

In this paper, auto-associative models are proposed as candidates to the generalization of Principal Component Analysis. We show that these models are dedicated to the approximation of the dataset by a manifold. Here, the word "manifold"…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-04-01 Stéphane Girard , Serge Iovleff

We consider the problem of simultaneously clustering and learning a linear representation of data lying close to a union of low-dimensional manifolds, a fundamental task in machine learning and computer vision. When the manifolds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Tianjiao Ding , Shengbang Tong , Kwan Ho Ryan Chan , Xili Dai , Yi Ma , Benjamin D. Haeffele

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used for analyzing data in the most diverse areas. In this work, we report an integrated approach to several theoretical and practical aspects of PCA. We start by providing, in an intuitive and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Felipe L. Gewers , Gustavo R. Ferreira , Henrique F. de Arruda , Filipi N. Silva , Cesar H. Comin , Diego R. Amancio , Luciano da F. Costa

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a very successful dimensionality reduction technique, widely used in predictive modeling. A key factor in its widespread use in this domain is the fact that the projection of a dataset onto its first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-19 Xianghui Luo , Robert J. Durrant

In the course of the last century, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have become one of the pillars of modern scientific methods. Although PCA is normally addressed as a statistical tool aiming at finding orthogonal directions on which the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Yariv Aizenbud , Barak Sober

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction tool in the analysis of many kind of high-dimensional data. It is used in signal processing, mechanical engineering, psychometrics, and other fields under different…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-01-15 Ngoc Mai Tran , Maria Osipenko , Wolfgang Karl Haerdle