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Related papers: Logic Functions and Quantum Error Correcting Codes

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Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires gates which function correctly despite the presence of errors, and are scalable if the error probability-per-gate is below a threshold value. To date, no method has been described for calculating…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a key concept in quantum computation as well as many areas of physics. There are fundamental tensions between continuous symmetries and QEC. One vital situation is unfolded by the Eastin--Knill theorem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Zi-Wen Liu , Sisi Zhou

We explore the effect of Shor state construction methods on logical state encoding and quantum error correction for the [[7,1,3]] Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error correction code in a nonequiprobable error environment. We determine the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Yaakov S. Weinstein , Sidney D. Buchbinder

Quantum error correction (QEC) protects quantum systems against inevitable noises and control inaccuracies, providing a pathway towards fault-tolerant (FT) quantum computation. Stabilizer codes, including surface code and color code, have…

A key requirement for an effective Quantum Error Correction (QEC) scheme is that the physical qubits have error rates below a certain threshold. The value of this threshold depends on the details of the specific QEC scheme, and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Gözde Üstün , Andrea Morello , Simon Devitt

Quantum error correcting codes (QECC) is becoming an increasingly important branch of coding theory. For classical block codes, a \href{codetables.de} {comprehensive database of best known codes} exists which is available online at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-21 Nuh Aydin , Peihan Liu , Bryan Yoshino

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Laleh Aghababaie-Beni , Igor Aleiner , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Brian Ballard , Joseph C. Bardin , Johannes Bausch , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Sam Blackwell , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , David A. Browne , Brett Buchea , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Anthony Cabrera , Juan Campero , Hung-Shen Chang , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Desmond Chik , Charina Chou , Jahan Claes , Agnetta Y. Cleland , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Sayan Das , Alex Davies , Laura De Lorenzo , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Michel Devoret , Agustin Di Paolo , Paul Donohoe , Ilya Drozdov , Andrew Dunsworth , Clint Earle , Thomas Edlich , Alec Eickbusch , Aviv Moshe Elbag , Mahmoud Elzouka , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Suhas Ganjam , Gonzalo Garcia , Robert Gasca , Élie Genois , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Dietrich Graumann , Alex Greene , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , John Hall , Michael C. Hamilton , Monica Hansen , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Francisco J. H. Heras , Stephen Heslin , Paula Heu , Oscar Higgott , Gordon Hill , Jeremy Hilton , George Holland , Sabrina Hong , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Stephen Jordan , Chaitali Joshi , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Hui Kang , Amir H. Karamlou , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Trupti Khaire , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Seon Kim , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Bryce Kobrin , Pushmeet Kohli , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , Robin Kothari , Borislav Kozlovskii , John Mark Kreikebaum , Vladislav D. Kurilovich , Nathan Lacroix , David Landhuis , Tiano Lange-Dei , Brandon W. Langley , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Loïck Le Guevel , Justin Ledford , Kenny Lee , Yuri D. Lensky , Shannon Leon , Brian J. Lester , Wing Yan Li , Yin Li , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , William P. Livingston , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Daniel Lundahl , Aaron Lunt , Sid Madhuk , Fionn D. Malone , Ashley Maloney , Salvatore Mandrá , Leigh S. Martin , Steven Martin , Orion Martin , Cameron Maxfield , Jarrod R. McClean , Matt McEwen , Seneca Meeks , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Amanda Mieszala , Reza Molavi , Sebastian Molina , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ramis Movassagh , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Chia-Hung Ni , Thomas E. O'Brien , William D. Oliver , Alex Opremcak , Kristoffer Ottosson , Andre Petukhov , Alex Pizzuto , John Platt , Rebecca Potter , Orion Pritchard , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Ganesh Ramachandran , Matthew J. Reagor , David M. Rhodes , Gabrielle Roberts , Eliott Rosenberg , Emma Rosenfeld , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Andrew W. Senior , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Shraddha Singh , Volodymyr Sivak , Jindra Skruzny , Spencer Small , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , Rolando D. Somma , Sofia Springer , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Jordan Suchard , Aaron Szasz , Alex Sztein , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , M. Mert Torunbalci , Abeer Vaishnav , Justin Vargas , Sergey Vdovichev , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Steven Waltman , Shannon X. Wang , Brayden Ware , Kate Weber , Theodore White , Kristi Wong , Bryan W. K. Woo , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Bicheng Ying , Juhwan Yoo , Noureldin Yosri , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist

Quantum computing offers significant speedups, but the large number of physical qubits required for quantum error correction introduces engineering challenges for a monolithic architecture. One solution is to distribute the logical quantum…

Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Igor Aleiner , Richard Allen , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Reza Fatemi , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Marissa Giustina , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Oscar Higgott , Jeremy Hilton , Markus Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Mária Kieferová , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Lily Laws , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Fionn D. Malone , Jeffrey Marshall , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor Mccourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Bernardo Meurer Costa , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Emily Mount , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , John Platt , Andre Petukhov , Rebecca Potter , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Alfredo Torres , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Theodore White , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

We identify regimes where post-selection can be used scalably in quantum error correction (QEC) to improve performance. We use statistical mechanical models to analytically quantify the performance and thresholds of post-selected QEC, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Lucas H. English , Dominic J. Williamson , Stephen D. Bartlett

Scalable quantum computing and communication requires the protection of quantum information from the detrimental effects of decoherence and noise. Previous work tackling this problem has relied on the original circuit model for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-23 B. A. Bell , D. A. Herrera-Martí , M. S. Tame , D. Markham , W. J. Wadsworth , J. G. Rarity

The constituent parts of a quantum computer are inherently vulnerable to errors. To this end we have developed quantum error-correcting codes to protect quantum information from noise. However, discovering codes that are capable of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Benjamin J. Brown , Naomi H. Nickerson , Dan E. Browne

The existence of quantum error correcting codes is one of the most counterintuitive and potentially technologically important discoveries of quantum information theory. However, standard error correction refers to abstract quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Patrick Hayden , Sepehr Nezami , Sandu Popescu , Grant Salton

We develop a simple and general post-selection strategy for high-rate quantum codes that is transferrable across decoders. After an initial baseline run, the decoder is re-run once per logical observable, and forced in these latter runs to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Adam Wills , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac Chuang

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Quantum error correction was invented to allow for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Systems with topological order turned out to give a natural physical realization of quantum error correcting codes (QECC) in their groundspaces. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Elizabeth Crosson , M. Burak Şahinoğlu , John Bowen

Logical gates constitute the building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computation. While quantum error-corrected memories have been extensively studied in the literature, explicit constructions and detailed analyses of thresholds and…

Recent progress in quantum computing has enabled systems with tens of reliable logical qubits, built from thousands of noisy physical qubits. However, many impactful applications demand quantum computations with millions of logical qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai