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Evidence for two different physical mechanisms for acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) arose 50 years ago with radio observations of type III bursts, produced by outward streaming electrons, and type II bursts from coronal and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-18 Donald V. Reames

How do magnetohydrodynamic waves travel from the fully ionized corona, into and through the underlying partially ionized chromosphere, and what are the consequences for solar flares? To address these questions, we have developed a 2-fluid…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-22 Alexander J. B. Russell , Lyndsay Fletcher

The X8.2-class limb flare on September 10, 2017 is among the best studied solar flare events owing to its great similarity to the standard flare model and the broad coverage by multiple spacecraft and ground-based observations. These…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-29 Xiaocan Li , Fan Guo , Bin Chen , Chengcai Shen , Lindsay Glesener

Recent observations and simulations indicate that solar flares undergo extremely complex three-dimensional (3D) evolution, making 3D particle transport models essential for understanding electron acceleration and interpreting flare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-19 Xiaocan Li , Chengcai Shen , Xiaoyan Xie , Fan Guo , Bin Chen , Ivan Oparin , Yuqian Wei , Sijie Yu , Jeongbhin Seo

Energetic electrons of up to tens of MeV are created during explosive phenomena in the solar corona. While many theoretical models consider magnetic reconnection as a possible way of generating energetic electrons, the precise roles of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. Oka , T. -D. Phan , S. Krucker , M. Fujimoto , I. Shinohara

The optical and near-ultraviolet (NUV) continuum radiation in M dwarf flares is thought to be the impulsive response of the lower stellar atmosphere to magnetic energy release and electron acceleration at coronal altitudes. This radiation…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-07 Adam F. Kowalski

Impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events were first distinguished as the streaming electrons that produce type III radio bursts as distinct from shock-induced type II bursts. They were then observed as the surprisingly-enhanced…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Donald Reames

There have been several ideas proposed to explain how the Sun's corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. Some models assume that open magnetic field lines are heated by Alfven waves driven by photospheric motions and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Steven R. Cranmer

The energy released in solar flares derives from a reconfiguration of magnetic fields to a lower energy state, and is manifested in several forms, including bulk kinetic energy of the coronal mass ejection, acceleration of electrons and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 E. P. Kontar , J. E. Perez , L. K. Harra , A. A. Kuznetsov , A. G. Emslie , N. L. S. Jeffrey , N. H. Bian , B. R. Dennis

Recently using Particle-In-Cell simulations i.e. in the kinetic plasma description Tsiklauri et al. and G\'enot et al. reported on a discovery of a new mechanism of parallel electric field generation, which results in electron acceleration.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Tsiklauri

In the solar atmosphere, Alfv\'en waves are believed to play an important role in the transfer of energy from the photosphere to the corona and solar wind, and in the heating of the chromosphere. We perform numerical computations to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-23 Roberto Soler , Jaume Terradas , Ramon Oliver , Jose Luis Ballester

[Abridged]We present analysis of a pair of unusually energetic coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources detected by RHESSI during the impulsive phase of an X3.9 class solar flare on 2003 November 3, which simultaneously shows two intense footpoint…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Qingrong Chen , Vahe Petrosian

The overshooting convective motions in the solar photosphere are frequently proposed as the source for the excitation of Alfv\'en waves. However, the photosphere is a) very weakly ionized, and, b) the dynamics of the plasma particles in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Vranjes , S. Poedts , B. P. Pandey , B. De Pontieu

Recent observations have demonstrated that waves which are capable of carrying large amounts of energy are ubiquitous throughout the solar corona. However, the question of how this wave energy is dissipated (on which time and length scales)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Jiajia Liu , Scott W. McIntosh , Ineke De Moortel , James Threlfall , Christian Bethge

Alfven waves propagating in a vertically stratified plasma, such as those travelling from the solar photosphere to the corona, are partially reflected due to the gradient in the Alfven speed. Wave reflection naturally results in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Roberto Soler

Context. We address the heating of the solar chromosphere and the related generation of plasma inflows and outflows. Aims. We attempt to detect variations in ion temperature and vertical plasma flows, which are driven by impulsively excited…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-27 M. Pelekhata , K. Murawski , S. Poedts

{This work aims to investigate the spectral structure of the parallel electric field generated by strong anisotropic and balanced Alfvenic turbulence in relation with the problem of electron acceleration from the thermal population in solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 N. H. Bian , E. P. Kontar , J. C. Brown

We present a model of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the extended solar corona that contains the effects of collisionless dissipation and anisotropic particle heating. Measurements made by UVCS/SOHO have revived interest in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. R. Cranmer , A. A. van Ballegooijen

We present a measurement of the energy carried and dissipated by Alfv\'en waves in a polar coronal hole. Alfv\'en waves have been proposed as the energy source that heats the corona and drives the solar wind. Previous work has shown that…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Michael Hahn , Daniel W. Savin

Twisted coronal loops should be ubiquitous in the solar corona. Twisted magnetic fields contain excess magnetic energy, which can be released during magnetic reconnection, causing solar flares. The aim of this work is to investigate…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-27 Mykola Gordovskyy , Philippa Browning , Eduard Kontar , Nicolas Bian