Related papers: Missing Baryons and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Med…
The census of heavy elements (metals) produced by all stars through cosmic times up to present-day is limited to ~50%; of these only half are still found within their parent galaxy. The majority of metals is expelled from galaxies into the…
We review our attempts to discover lost baryons at low redshift with ``X-ray forest'' of absorption lines from the warm-hot intergalactic medium. We discuss the best evidence to date along the Mrk 421 sightline. We then discuss the missing…
Hot ionized gas is important in the baryon cycle of galaxies and contributes the majority of their ``missing baryons''. Until now, most semi-analytic models of galaxy formation have paid little attention to hot gaseous haloes and their…
Most of the baryonic matter of the Universe resides in a highly-ionized gaseous intergalactic medium. This gas flows along dark-matter filaments toward galaxy superclusters, clusters, and groups until it pools around the galaxies into a…
We investigate the behaviour of cosmological baryons at low redshifts $z<5$ after reionization through analytic means. In particular, we study the density-temperature phase-diagram which describes the history of the gas. We show how the…
We summarize and reanalyze observations bearing upon missing galactic baryons, where we propose a consistent picture for halo gas in L >~ L* galaxies. The hot X-ray emitting halos are detected to 50-70 kpc, where typically, M_hot(<50 kpc) ~…
Many of the baryons in our Galaxy probably lie outside the well known disk and bulge components. Despite a wealth of evidence for the presence of some gas in galactic halos, including absorption line systems in the spectra of quasars, high…
The majority of baryons reside beyond the optical extent of a galaxy in the circumgalactic and intergalactic media (CGM/IGM). Gaseous halos are inextricably linked to the appearance of their host galaxies through a complex story of…
We present a schematic model for the formation of baryonic galactic halos and hot gas in the Local Group and the intergalactic medium. We follow the dynamics, chemical evolution, heat flow and gas flows of a hierarchy of scales, including:…
Modern analyses of structure formation predict a universe tangled in a 'cosmic web' of dark matter and diffuse baryons. These theories further predict that at low-z, a significant fraction of the baryons will be shock-heated to $T \sim…
Cosmological shock waves play a major role in heating baryonic gas in the large scale structure of the universe. In this contribution we study the shock-heated gas in connection with shocks themselves. The distributions of shock speed and…
We show that the high local baryonic fraction, M(bar) ~ 1/3 M(tot), found in groups and clusters of galaxies does not reconcile the observed cosmological baryon density with the standard Big-Bang prediction. Taking into account recent…
As cosmic structures form, matter density fluctuations collapse gravitationally and baryonic matter is shock-heated and thermalized. We therefore expect a connection between the mean gravitational potential energy density of collapsed…
We make an inventory of the baryonic and gravitating mass in structures ranging from the smallest galaxies to rich clusters of galaxies. We find that the fraction of baryons converted to stars reaches a maximum between M500 = 1E12 and 1E13…
Approximately 30 to 50 percent of the total baryons in the present universe is supposed to take a form of warm/hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) whose X-ray continuum emission is very weak. In order to carry out a direct and homogeneous…
As is well known, most of the baryons are observationally unaccounted. Moreover, certain recent developments suggest that dark baryons are mostly locked up in galactic halos - which are anyway dominated by nonbaryonic dark matter - and a…
We analyze the IllustrisTNG simulations to study the mass, volume fraction and phase distribution of gaseous baryons embedded in the knots, filaments, sheets and voids of the Cosmic Web from redshift $z=8$ to redshift $z=0$. We find that…
The hot circum-galactic medium (CGM) represents the hot gas distributed beyond the stellar content of the galaxies while typically within their dark matter halos. It serves as a depository of energy and metal-enriched materials from…
Characterizing the relationship between stars, gas, and metals in galaxies is a critical component of understanding the cosmic baryon cycle. We compile contemporary censuses of the baryons in collapsed structures, their chemical make-up and…
Understanding the infrared emission of galaxies is critical to observational and theoretical investigations of the condensation of galaxies out of the intergalactic medium and the conversion of gas into stars over cosmic time. From an…