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The notion of forcing sets for perfect matchings was introduced by Harary, Klein, and \v{Z}ivkovi\'{c}. The application of this problem in chemistry, as well as its interesting theoretical aspects, made this subject very active. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Javad B. Ebrahimi , Babak Ghanbari

We present a system of axioms motivated by a topological intuition: The set of subsets of any set is a topology on that set. On the one hand, this system is a common weakening of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZF, the positive set theory GPK…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Andreas Fackler

Forcing was first introduced by Paul J. Cohen in his work on the independence of the Continuum Hypothesis. Other formulations of forcing appeared using Model Theory, Boolean-valued Models, and Topos Theory. There is a folkloric claim that…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Michel Viana Smykalla , Hugo Luiz Mariano

Much mathematical writing exists that is, explicitly or implicitly, based on set theory, often Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF) or one of its variants. In ZF, the domain of discourse contains only sets, and hence every mathematical object…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Ciarán Dunne , J. B. Wells , Fairouz Kamareddine

We develop a general theory for class-sized symmetric systems as a natural extension of symmetric systems with respect to class forcing. In particular, adapting the usual notions of pretameness and tameness for class forcing, we present…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Peter Holy , Emma Palmer , Jonathan Schilhan

We lay the ground for an Isabelle/ZF formalization of Cohen's technique of forcing. We formalize the definition of forcing notions as preorders with top, dense subsets, and generic filters. We formalize the definition of forcing notions as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Emmanuel Gunther , Miguel Pagano , Pedro Sánchez Terraf

The forcing method is a powerful tool to prove the consistency of set-theoretic assertions relative to the consistency of the axioms of set theory. Laver's theorem and Bukovsk\'y's theorem assert that set-generic extensions of a given…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Sy David Friedman , Sakaé Fuchino , Hiroshi Sakai

We develop a toolbox for forcing over arbitrary models of set theory without the axiom of choice. In particular, we introduce a variant of the countable chain condition and prove an iteration theorem that applies to many classical forcings…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Daisuke Ikegami , Philipp Schlicht

Fix a set-theoretic universe $V$. We look at small extensions of $V$ as generalised degrees of computability over $V$. We also formalise and investigate the complexity of certain methods one can use to define, in $V$, subclasses of degrees…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Desmond Lau

Recent work in set theory indicates that there are many different notions of 'set', each captured by a different collection of axioms, as proposed by J. Hamkins in [Ham11]. In this paper we strive to give one class theory that allows for a…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Alec Rhea

The concept of definability of physical fields within a set-theoretical foundation is introduced. We propose an axiomatic set theory and show the Schroedinger equation and, more generally, a nonlinear sigma model come naturally out of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. J. BenDaniel

In "Object generators, relaxed sets, and a foundation for mathematics", we introduced ``object generators'', a logical environment much more general than set theory. Inside this we found a `relaxed' version of set theory. That paper is…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Frank Quinn

In this paper, we present a proof of the consistency of the New Foundations set theory ($\mathit{NF}$). $\mathit{NF}$'s main idea is to permit very large sets (including the Universal Set) by restricting set formation to stratified…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Nicolás Sevilla Simón

A theory of recursive definitions has been mechanized in Isabelle's Zermelo-Fraenkel (ZF) set theory. The objective is to support the formalization of particular recursive definitions for use in verification, semantics proofs and other…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

We consider a set-theoretic version of mereology based on the inclusion relation $\subseteq$ and analyze how well it might serve as a foundation of mathematics. After establishing the non-definability of $\in$ from $\subseteq$, we identify…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Joel David Hamkins , Makoto Kikuchi

The modal logic of forcing arises when one considers a model of set theory in the context of all its forcing extensions, interpreting necessity as "in all forcing extensions" and possibility as "in some forcing extension". In this modal…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-07-26 Joel David Hamkins , George Leibman , Benedikt Löwe

It is well-known that a finite axiomatization of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF) is not possible in the same first-order language. In this note we show that a finite axiomatization is possible if we extent the language of ZF with the new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Marcoen Cabbolet

We discuss some highlights of our computer-verified proof of the construction, given a countable transitive set-model $M$ of $\mathit{ZFC}$, of generic extensions satisfying $\mathit{ZFC}+\neg\mathit{CH}$ and $\mathit{ZFC}+\mathit{CH}$.…

We mechanize, in the proof assistant Isabelle, a proof of the axiom-scheme of Separation in generic extensions of models of set theory by using the fundamental theorems of forcing. We also formalize the satisfaction of the axioms of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Emmanuel Gunther , Miguel Pagano , Pedro Sánchez Terraf

We present three natural combinatorial properties for class forcing notions, which imply the forcing theorem to hold. We then show that all known sufficent conditions for the forcing theorem (except for the forcing theorem itself),…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Peter Holy , Regula Krapf , Philipp Schlicht