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Related papers: The Sun in Time: Activity and Environment

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This paper presents an overview of results obtained during the CAWSES II period on the short term variability of the Sun and how it affects the near Earth space environment. CAWSES II was planned to examine the behavior of the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-27 Nat Gopalswamy , Bruce Tsurutani , Yihua Yan

The last solar minimum was, by recent standards, unusually deep and long. We are now close to the maximum of the subsequent solar cycle, which is relatively weak. In this article we make comparisons between different global (unresolved)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-13 A. -M. Broomhall , V. M. Nakariakov

The Sun's global meridional circulation is evident as a slow poleward flow at its surface. This flow is observed to carry magnetic elements poleward - producing the Sun's polar magnetic fields as a key part of the 11-year sunspot cycle.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-30 David H. Hathaway

Magnetic flux emergence and decay in the Sun span from days to months. However, their tracking is typically limited to about half a solar rotation when relying on single-vantage-point observations. Combining observations from both the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 I. Kontogiannis , Y. Zhu , K. Barczynski , M. Z. Stiefel , H. Collier , J. McKevitt , J. S. Castellanos Durán , S. Berdyugina , L. K. Harra

Context. Monitoring of the photometric and chromospheric HK emission data series of stars similar to the Sun in age and average activity level showed that there is an empirical correlation between the average stellar chromospheric activity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 A. I. Shapiro , W. Schmutz , G. Cessateur , E. Rozanov

The Sun is the major source of heat and light in our solar system. The solar cycle is the 11-year cycle of solar activity that can be determined by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. Solar activity is associated…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-01 Ryan Manuel D. Guido

The solar cycle periodically reshapes the magnetic structure and radiative output of the Sun and determines its impact on the heliosphere roughly every 11 years. Besides this main periodicity, it shows century-long variations (including…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-23 A. Munoz-Jaramillo , J. M. Vaquero

This chapter provides an overview of the magnetic activity of the Sun and stars, discussing its underlying physical origin, manifestations, and fundamental role in exoplanet studies. It begins with a summary of the Sun's magnetic activity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 S. Bellotti , J. Morin

While the Earth and Moon are generally similar in composition, a notable difference between the two is the apparent depletion in moderately volatile elements in lunar samples. This is often attributed to the formation process of the Moon…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-17 Prabal Saxena , Rosemary M. Killen , Vladimir Airapetian , Noah E. Petro , Natalie M. Curran , Avi M. Mandell

Rotation is a significant characteristic of the Sun and other stars, and it plays an important role in understanding their dynamo actions and magnetic activities. In this study, the rotation of the solar chromospheric activity is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-22 Jing-Chen Xu , Peng-Xin Gao , Xiang-Jun Shi

The variable Sun is the most likely candidate for natural forcing of past climate change on time scales of 50 to 1000 years. Evidence for this understanding is that the terrestrial climate correlates positively with solar activity. During…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 A. I. Shapiro , W. Schmutz , E. Rozanov , M. Schoell , M. Haberreiter , A. V. Shapiro , S. Nyeki

After providing an overview of solar activity as measured by the sunspot number (SSN) and space weather events during solar cycles (SCs) 21-24, we focus on the weak solar activity in SC 24. The weak solar activity reduces the number of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Nat Gopalswamy , Pertti Mäkelä , Seiji Yashiro , Sachiko Akiyama , Hong Xie

In this paper, I review the results of 3-D evolution of the inner heliosphere over the solar cycle #23, based on observations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) made at 327 MHz using the Ooty Radio Telescope. The large-scale features of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-04 P. K. Manoharan

Magnetic flux emergence from the convection zone into the photosphere and beyond is a critical component of the behaviour of large-scale solar magnetism. Flux rarely emerges amid field-free areas at the surface, but when it does, the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-04 Prasad Mani , Chris S. Hanson , Siddarth Dhanpal , Shravan Hanasoge , Srijan Bharati Das , Matthias Rempel

A plethora of solar dynamic events, such as the formation of active regions, the emission of jets and the occurrence of eruptions is often associated to the emergence of magnetic flux from the interior of the Sun to the surface and above.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-12 V. Archontis , P. Syntelis

Solar chromosphere and coronal heating is a big question for astrophysics. Daily measurement of 985 solar spectral irradiances (SSIs) at the spectral intervals 1-39 nm and 116-2416 nm during March 1 2003 to October 28 2017 is utilized to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 K. J. Li , J. C. Xu , W. Feng

The energetic balance of the Standard Solar Model (SSM) results from an equilibrium between nuclear energy production, energy transfer, and photospheric emission. In this letter, we derive an order of magnitude of several % for the loss of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Sylvaine Turck-Chieze , Laurent Piau , Sébastien Couvidat

In the solar convection zone, rotation couples with intensely turbulent convection to drive a strong differential rotation and achieve complex magnetic dynamo action. Our sun must have rotated more rapidly in its past, as is suggested by…

The connection between nuclear fusion in the Sun's core and solar irradiance is obscured among other things by uncertainty over the mechanism of coronal heating. Data for solar wind density and velocity, sunspot number, and EUV flux suggest…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-16 Claudio Vita-Finzi

Although the occurrence of solar irradiance variations induced by magnetic surface features (e.g., sunspots, faculae, magnetic network) is generally accepted, the existence of intrinsic luminosity changes due to the internal magnetic fields…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-26 F. Spada , R. Arlt , M. Kueker , S. Sofia